Links
Script template
À placer au début du script (en dessous de Param).
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# Renforce les règles de vérification et créé une erreur si elles ne sont pas respectées
Set-StrictMode -Version Latest
# Stop le script à la première erreur (par défaut à Continue)
$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
# en ligne de commande: .\MyScript.ps1 -ErrorAction Stop
# Force tous les Cmdlet à s'arrêter à la première erreur
$PSDefaultParameterValues['*:ErrorAction'] = 'Stop'
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Astuces
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# commentaire
<# commentaires
commentaires #>
# multilines command
command -option1 `
-option2
# multiple commands on 1 line
command1; command2
# tester une commande: affiche le résultat mais n’exécute pas la commande
Commande -WhatIf
# exécuter un fichier depuis la console cmd.exe
powershell -file MonFichier.ps1
# exécuter une commande depuis la console cmd.exe
C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -command "& 'C:\dossier\script.ps1' args"
# appeler un autre script powershell
& 'C:\dossier\script.ps1' args
# Supprimer l'attribut Read-Only
sp file.txt IsReadOnly $false
# ouvrir explorer (Invoke-Item)
ii .
# lancer internet explorer
$ie = New-Object -ComObject InternetExplorer.Application
$ie.Navigate2("http://www.google.com")
$ie.Visible = $true
# tester si la console est en mode admin
[bool](([System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).groups -match "S-1-5-32-544")
# installed version
$PSVersionTable
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Variables
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Pas de - dans les noms des variables. |
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$my_var = "value"
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# list all environment variables
dir env:
# create an env variable. scopes are process, user, machine
[System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('MyVar','value', 'user')
[System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('MyVar','value', 'machine')
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$env:userprofile |
C:\Users\<user>
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$env:appdata |
C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Roaming
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$env:ProgramFiles |
C:\Program Files
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[environment]::getfolderpath("mydocuments") |
C:\Users\<user>\Documents
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$_ |
the current object in the pipeline
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$home |
C:\Users\<user>
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$Pwd |
full path of the current directory
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$PSCommandPath |
path of the script file that is being executed
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$PSScriptRoot |
path of the script directory that is being executed
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echo, Write-Host
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echo 'my text'
# saut de ligne
echo line1 line2
echo line1`nline2
echo line1([system.environment]::newline)line2
# colors
Write-Host -foregroundcolor green -backgroundcolor black Mon Message
# erreur
Write-Error "Error!"
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Couleurs disponibles
Black |
Blue |
Cyan |
DarkBlue
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DarkCyan |
DarkGray |
DarkGreen |
DarkMagenta
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DarkRed |
DarkYellow |
Gray |
Green
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Magenta |
Red |
White |
Yellow
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echo is an alias of Write-Output |
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# installation du module (console administrateur)
Install-Module -Name PSWriteColor
Import-Module PSWriteColor
Write-Color "Red ", "Green ", "Yellow " -Color Red, Green, Yellow
wc "Red ", "Green ", "Yellow " -C Red, Green, Yellow
# -StartTab 1 ajoute une tabulation avant d'afficher le texte
# -LinesBefore 1 passe une ligne avant d'afficher le texte
# -LinesAfter 1 passe une ligne après avoir afficher le texte
# -LogFile "C:\log.txt" écrit dans un fichier de log [YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss]Texte
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Read input
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# lire l'entrée clavier
$input = Read-Host 'Question?'
# Press any key to continue
Write-Host -NoNewLine 'Press any key to continue...';
$null = $Host.UI.RawUI.ReadKey('NoEcho,IncludeKeyDown');
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GridView
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# afficher une fenêtre avec une grille
New-Object Net.Webclient | Get-Member | Out-GridView
# permettre de séléctionner des éléments dans la grille et de s'en servir comme paramètres d'entrée
Get-Service |
Where Status -eq Stopped |
Out-GridView -PassThru |
Start-Service
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Types
String
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echo "Escape `"double-quotes`" `$1" # "double-quotes" $1
echo "Retour à la ligne `r`n"
# concaténation de string
echo 'Text1 - ' + "Text2: $Var1, $(Var2.Prop1)"
echo "Text: $(command)"
# here-string: multiline string @""@ @''@
echo @"
First line
Second line
"Quotes don't need to be escaped"
Plus, you can include variables: $MyVar
"@ # has to be at the beginning of a new line
'ABC' -replace 'B','X' # AXC
'ABC' -replace '\w$','X' # ABX
'ABC' -replace '^(\w)(.+)(\w)$','$3$2$1' # CBA
'ABC' -replace '^(?<first>\w)(.+)(?<last>\w)$','${last}$1${first}' # CBA
'ABC' -replace 'B' # AC
'ABC'.replace('B', '') # AC
'abc'.toupper() # ABC
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Test string
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$MyString -like 'xxx*' # Returns true when string matches wildcard (-notlike)
$MyString -match 'xxx.+' # Returns true when string matches regex (-notmatch)
$MyString.startswith('xxx')
if ($MyString) # not null and not empty
if (!$MyString) # null or empty
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Date
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Get-Date -Format 'yyyy-MM' # 2020-01
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Tableau / array
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$myArray = @() # empty
$myArray = 1, 2, 3 # 1 2 3
$myArray += 4 # 1 2 3 4
$myArray.Length # 4
$myArray[1..2] # 2 3 sub array from index 1 to index 2
$myArray[-1] # 4 latest value of the array
$myArray -ne 2 # 1 3 4
$myArray -gt 2 # 3 4
[array]::Reverse($myArray) # 4 3 2 1
$one, $two, $rest = $myArray # $one = 1, $two = 2, $rest = 3, 4
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$myHashTable = @{} # empty
$myHashTable = @{
Key1 = 'Value1'
}
$myHashTable = [ordered]@{
Key1 = 'Value1'
}
# add key and update value
$myHashTable.Key1 = "Value1"
$myHashTable["Key2"] = "Value2"
echo $myHashTable
# Name Value
# ---- -----
# Key1 Value1
# Key2 Value2
$myValue = $myHashTable.Key1
$myValue = $myHashTable["Key1"]
$myValue = $myHashTable.$myKey
"All keys: $($myHashTable.keys)"
"All values: $($myHashTable.values)"
if (!$myHashTable.contains($myKey))
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PSObject
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$obj = New-Object PSObject -Property @{
Prop1 = "Value1"
Prop2 = "Value2"
}
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if else
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$nombre = 10
if ($nombre -eq 10) {
"Le nombre est 10."
}
elseif (($nombre -gt 5) -and ($nombre -lt 10) -or ($nombre -eq 222)) {
"Le nombre est entre 5 et 10 ou égal à 222."
}
elseif (!($nombre -eq 333)) {
"Le nombre est différent de 333."
}
else { "Surement 333" }
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Opérateur
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Description
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Opérateur
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Description
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-eq |
== |
-ceq |
== case senstivie
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-ne |
!=
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-lt |
< |
-le |
<=
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-gt |
> |
-ge |
>=
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-not ! |
!
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-and |
&& |
-or |
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-band |
& |
-bor |
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Test string
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if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($monString))
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The String’s the Thing
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switch ($var)
{
'value1' { echo $var }
'value2' { echo $var }
default { echo 'unknown value' }
}
$result = switch ($var)
{
'Word1' { 'Value1' }
'Word2' { 'Value2' }
default { 'Default Value' }
}
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# parmi les résultats de command, n'affiche que UnePropriété (select = Select-Object)
command | select UnePropriété
# afficher seulement la valeur de UnePropriété (exp = expand = ExpandProperty)
(command).UnePropriété
command | select -exp UnePropriété
# parmi les résultats de command, n'affiche que les 10 premiers résultats
command | select -first 10
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1..4 | ? {$_ % 2 -eq 0} # 2 4
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Alias: Where-Object where ? |
ForEach %
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1..4 | % { $_ * 2 } # 2 4 6 8
1..4 | % { # opening bracket has to be on the same line as percent sign
$_ * 2
}
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function TestName {
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, ValueFromPipeline=$true)]
[string] $nom
)
if ($nom -eq "moi")
{
return $true
}
return $false
}
TestName "moi"
# True
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La fonction doit être déclarée avant son utilisation. |
Paramètres et Arguments
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# doit se situer à la première ligne exécutable (au dessus de Set-StrictMode)
param (
# avec une valeur par défaut
[string] $Name = "initial value",
# paramètre obligatoire
# position permet de définir le paramètre sans son nom
[Parameter(Mandatory, Position = 0)]
[string] $Name,
# True par défaut. Valeurs: $true ou $false.
[Parameter(Position = 1)]
[bool] $BooleanValue,
# no parameter passed means false, and -SwitchValue means true
[switch] $SwitchValue,
# avec des alias (-e -ef)
[Alias('e','ef')]
[string] $excludeFolder
)
# utilisation avec les noms des paramètres
.\MonScript.ps1 -Name MyName -BooleanValue $false -SwitchValue
# utilisation avec les positions
.\MonScript.ps1 MyName $false
# test if a parameter has not been set
if (!$PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('excludeFolder')) { }
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Mandatory , demande de manière interactive les paramètres s'ils ne sont pas spécifiés. |
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$args fonctionne avec les arguments passés à une fonction mais pas avec ceux passés à un script. |
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param (
[ValidateScript({ Test-Path $_ -PathType Leaf })] # run a command to validate the parameter
[string] $FilePath,
[ValidateSet('jpg', 'png')] # validate against a list and add auto-completion
[string] $ImageFileExtension
)
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Exclusive groups of mandatory elements
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# ok: .\MyScript -Environment env1
# ok: .\MyScript -Server srv1 -Database db1
# ko: .\MyScript -Environment env1 -Server srv1 -Database db1
[CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName='Env')] # by default, Env is used
Param (
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Env', Mandatory = $true)]
[string] $Environment,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Srv', Mandatory = $true)]
[string] $Server
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Srv', Mandatory = $true)]
[string] $Database
)
# to know which ParameterSetName has been used
echo $PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName # Env or Srv
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Parameter
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-Debug
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-ErrorAction
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-ErrorVariable
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-OutBuffer
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-OutVariable
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-Verbose
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-WarningAction
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-WarningVariable
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[CmdletBinding()] # add this line at the top of the script file
Param ()
if ($PSBoundParameters['Verbose']) # test if Verbose has been passed as parameter
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Help content
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<#
.SYNOPSIS
A brief description.
.DESCRIPTION
A detailed description.
.EXAMPLE
PS> my-command -p value
output
A sample command, optionally followed by sample output and a description.
#>
param (
# Description of the parameter. Equivalent to .PARAMETER help
[Alias('h')]
[switch] $help,
)
if ($help) {
get-help $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path -detailed
exit
}
# display the help content
MonScript.ps1 -h
get-help MonScript.ps1 -detailed
man MonScript.ps1 -detailed
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Files and folders
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# display names only
ls C:\Dossier -Name
# display fullnames (C:\Dossier\filename.ext)
ls C:\Dossier | % FullName
# display names without the extension
ls C:\Dossier | % BaseName
# filter
ls C:\Dossier *.txt
# exclude *.txt et *.dll
ls C:\Dossier -exclude *.txt, *.dll
# filter against RegEx (-NotMatch, -NotLike)
ls C:\Dossier | ? Name -Match "\.txt$" # RegEx
ls C:\Dossier | ? Name -Like "*.txt" # Wildcard Expression
# lister toutes les DLL et EXE avec leurs versions
ls *.dll,*.exe | % { "{0}`t{1}" -f $_.Name, [System.Diagnostics.FileVersionInfo]::GetVersionInfo($_).FileVersion }
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ls dir gci are aliases of Get-ChildItem |
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filter et exclude ne fonctionnent pas en même temps.
Utiliser * dans le chemin à la place de filter |
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-exclude only applies to basenames of items myfile.txt, not the fullname C:\folder\myfile.txt |
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# sort by name
ls C:\Dossier | sort
# sort by LastWriteTime, last modified first
ls C:\Dossier | sort -property LastWriteTime -Descending
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Search by name
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# look recursively for all the *.txt files
ls -r -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue "*.txt"
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Search by file content
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# look recursively for files which contains xxx
ls -r C:\Dossier | sls "xxx" | group path | % name
# display all the occurences of xxx with 2 lines before and after
ls -r C:\Dossier | sls "xxx" -context 2
# use quiet to return a boolean
'123' | sls -quiet '2' # True
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sls is an alias of Select-String |
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context ne semble plus fonctionner |
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# return an array of newline-delimited strings
$content = Get-Content .\file.txt
# return a string
$content = Get-Content .\file.txt -raw
# tail equivalent: display what is appended to the file in realtime
Get-Content .\file.txt -Wait -Tail 1
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Set-Content -Encoding UTF8 -Path .\file.txt -Value 'Text'
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Encoding values
Default |
UTF-8 without BOM
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UTF8 |
UTF-8 with BOM (BOM for UTF-8 files is not recommended)
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Replace content
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The default encoding is UTF-8 without BOM |
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(Get-Content .\file.txt) -replace 'Text', 'Content' | Set-Content .\file.txt
(Get-Content .\file.txt) -replace 'var=(\w+);', "var=$new_value;" | Set-Content .\file.txt
# multi-lines: remove <tag> and its content
(Get-Content .\file.txt -raw) -replace '(?s)<tag>.+</tag>' | Set-Content .\file.txt
# (?s) single line mode: add line breaks in the matching characters for .
# using groups and new line
(Get-Content .\file.txt) -replace '(\d{3})', "`r`n`$1" | Set-Content .\file.txt
# use double quotes for `r`n and escape `$1
# avoid Set-Content to add a new line by default at the end
(Get-Content .\file.txt -raw) -replace 'regex', 'xxx' -join "`r`n" | Set-Content .\file.txt -NoNewline
# force Set-Content to not add a new line and join all the read lines by new lines
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XPath
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$path = 'C:\file.xml'
[xml]$xml_content = Get-Content $path
# to preserve the whitespaces
$xml_content = [xml]::new()
$xml_content .PreserveWhitespace = $true
$xml_content .Load($path)
# get node content
select-xml -path $path `
-xpath '/root/node[@attribute="value"]' `
| select -exp node `
| select value
# replace node content
$node = $xml_content.SelectSingleNode('/root/node[@attribute="value"]')
$node.Value = 'xxx'
$xml_content.save($path)
# display in the terminal
$xml_content.save([Console]::Out)
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Delete files based on pattern
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# delete all the *.txt files
ls *.txt | Remove-Item
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# in admin console
Install-Module -Name Recycle
Remove-ItemSafely [FileName|FolderName]
# alias
New-Alias trash 'Remove-ItemSafely'
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# suppression d'un dossier et de son contenu
rm -r -fo C:\Dossier
# -r / -recurse
# -fo / -force
# -ErrorAction Continue
# test before delete to avoid error
if (test-path C:\Dossier) { rm -r C:\Dossier }
# | Out-Null permet de masquer la sortie
ni C:\Dossier -type directory | Out-Null
# -force écrase le fichier s'il existe déjà, pour un dossier cela permet juste d'éviter l'erreur « Item already exists »
ni C:\Dossier -type directory -force
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Alias de Remove-Item: del, erase, rd, ri, rm, rmdir
Alias de New-Item: ni |
Remove-Item
Path
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# dossier1\dossier2
join-path dossier1 dossier2
join-path -path dossier1 -childpath dossier2
join-path -path dossier1\ -childpath \dossier2\
join-path -path dossier1 -childpath (join-path -path dossier2 -childpath dossier3)
# dossier1\dossier2\dossier3
# utilisation du Framework .NET
[System.IO.Path]::Combine("C:\Dossier1", "Dossier2", "Dossier3")
# C:\Dossier1\Dossier2\Dossier3
# test si le chemin c:\dossier existe
if (Test-Path C:\Dossier -PathType Container) { }
# test si le fichier c:\dossier\file.txt existe
if (Test-Path C:\Dossier\file.txt -PathType Leaf) { }
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# copie de Fichier.txt dans Dossier2 sous le nom de Fichier2.txt
# dans ce cas Dossier2 n'est pas créé s'il n'existe pas
cp C:\Dossier\Fichier.txt C:\Dossier2\Fichier2.txt
# copie récursive de Dossier dans Dossier2 (création de Dossier2 s'il n'existe pas)
cp -recurse C:\Dossier C:\Dossier2
# copie récursive de l'arborescence de Dossier dans Dossier2 et copie des fichiers *.txt exclusivement
cp C:\Dossier C:\Dossier2 -recurse -filter *.txt
# copie tous les *.txt en excluant les *.bak.txt
cp C:\Dossier\*.txt C:\Dossier2 -exclude *.bak.txt
# copie récursive avec exclusion
$from = convert-path (join-path $Path1 '..\Dossier') # convert-path pour supprimer les ..
ls -r $from -exclude *.pdb, *.xml | % {
cp $_.FullName (join-path $to $_.FullName.Substring($from.length))
}
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Alias Copy-Item copy cp cpi |
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Exclude ne fonctionne pas avec les répertoires |
Measure / Count
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ls | measure
# Count : 8
# Average :
# Sum :
# Maximum :
# Minimum :
# Property :
# compter le nombre d'éléments dans le dossier courant
(ls | measure).Count;
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Log
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# log in MyProgram.log in the same folder
Start-Transcript -path $PSCommandPath.replace('.ps1', '.log')
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echo '$dollar' # $dollar
echo `$dollar # $dollar
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Encoding
Si la sortie affiche des caractères inattendus, utiliser l'encodage UTF-8 avec BOM.
Shutdown - Restart
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Stop-Computer
Restart-Computer
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Batch commands
SQL server
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$SqlConn = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection
$SqlConn.ConnectionString = "Server=XXX\YYY;Database=ZZZ;User Id=UUU;Password=PPP;"
$SqlConn.Open()
$SqlCmd = $SqlConn.CreateCommand()
$SqlCmd.CommandText = "SELECT name, database_id FROM sys.databases"
$SqlAdapter = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataAdapter
$SqlAdapter.SelectCommand = $SqlCmd
$DataSet = New-Object System.Data.DataSet
$SqlAdapter.Fill($DataSet)
$DataSet.Tables[0]
#$DataSet.Tables[0] | out-file "C:\Folder\result.csv"
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Import-Module activedirectory
Get-ADUser -filter *
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Process
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# list processes by name
ps | ? name -eq 'firefox'
Get-Process | ? { $_.ProcessName -like "*git*" }
# list processes by path
ps | ? Path -match 'firefox.exe$'
# list processes which use a port
Get-Process -Id (Get-NetTCPConnection -LocalPort 135).OwningProcess
# test is a process is running
$firefox = Get-Process firefox -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if ($firefox) {
echo 'firefox is running'
}
# open a new powershell console
start-process powershell -ArgumentList "-NoProfile -NoExit -Command echo $var"
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# affiche l'état d'un service
get-service 'SQLBrowser'
# Stopped / Running
$ServiceName = 'MSSQL$SQLEXPRESS'
if ((get-service $ServiceName).Status -eq 'Stopped') {
# démarrer un service, nécessite les droits administrateur
start-service $ServiceName -PassThru
# PassThru force l'affichage d'un message de sortie
}
else {
echo "$ServiceName est déjà démarré."
}
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Users
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# list connected users
query user /server:$SERVER
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MessageBox
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[void][Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.Windows.Forms")
[void][System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox]::Show("Hello !")
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Web
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# get the content and detect the output format: XML or JSON
Invoke-RestMethod http://www.domain.net/api/values | % { $_ | select Prop1, Prop2 | Out-GridView }
Invoke-RestMethod http://localhost:111/api/values -Method POST -Body @{value='2'}
Invoke-WebRequest http://localhost:111/api/values -H @{"accept"="application/xml"} | Select-Object -Expand Content
$content = (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString("http://www.google.fr")
wget http://www.domain.net/file.txt -outfile folder\file.txt
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Target HTML
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$url = "http://www.domain.net"
$result = Invoke-WebRequest $url
$result.AllElements |
Where Class -eq "some css class" |
Select -First 1 -ExpandProperty innerText
|
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$RegKey ="HKCU:\Control Panel\Cursors"
# Obtenir la valeur de la clé IBeam
Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKCU:\Control Panel\Cursors" | select -ExpandProperty IBeam
# Changement de la valeur de la clé IBeam
Set-ItemProperty -Path $RegKey -Name IBeam -Value "%SystemRoot%\cursors\beam_r.cur"
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Use C# code
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Add-Type -TypeDefinition @"
public class Compute {
public int Add(int n1, int n2) {
return n1 + n2;
}
}
"@
# load an assembly
Add-Type -Path C:\Folder\Compute.dll
$compute = New-Object Compute
$compute.Add(6, 4) # 10
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Exemples
Recherche de texte dans tous les fichiers - rg - ripgrep
|
Function rg {
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, ValueFromPipeline=$true)]
[string]
$pattern
)
ls -r | sls $pattern -context 2 |
foreach {
"{0} : {1:00}" -f $_.Path, $_.LineNumber
if ($_.Context.PreContext) {" {0}" -f $_.Context.PreContext }
"> {0}" -f $_.Line
if ($_.Context.PostContext) { " {0}" -f $_.Context.PostContext }
""
}
}
|
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# store password
$Password = "Password123!@#"
$SecurePassword = $Password | ConvertTo-SecureString -AsPlainText -Force # SecureString
# ou demande du password
$SecurePassword = Read-Host -Prompt "Enter password" -AsSecureString
# ou demande du password avec Get-Credential
$Credential = Get-Credential -Message "Enter password" -Username "-"
$SecurePassword = $Credential.Password
$SecureStringAsPlainText = $SecurePassword | ConvertFrom-SecureString # String
Set-Content "C:\Dossier\Password.txt" $SecureStringAsPlainText
# get the password
$SecureStringAsPlainText = Get-Content "C:\Dossier\Password.txt" # String
$SecurePassword = $SecureStringAsPlainText | ConvertTo-SecureString # SecureString
$Credential = New-Object PSCredential "user",$SecurePassword
$PlainPassword = $Credential.GetNetworkCredential().Password # password en clair
|
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# changement du pointeur Text Selection
$RegKey ="HKCU:\Control Panel\Cursors"
Set-ItemProperty -Path $RegKey -Name IBeam -Value "%SystemRoot%\cursors\beam_r.cur"
# Rafraichissement des curseurs pour prendre en compte le changement
$CSharpSig = @'
[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "SystemParametersInfo")]
public static extern bool SystemParametersInfo(
uint uiAction,
uint uiParam,
uint pvParam,
uint fWinIni);
'@
$CursorRefresh = Add-Type -MemberDefinition $CSharpSig -Name WinAPICall -Namespace SystemParamInfo –PassThru
$CursorRefresh::SystemParametersInfo(0x0057,0,$null,0)
|
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function sha1 {
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, ValueFromPipeline=$true)]
[string]
$file
)
(Get-FileHash -Algorithm SHA1 "$file")."Hash"
}
|
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# C# wrapper around Windows API SystemParametersInfo
Add-Type -TypeDefinition @"
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
namespace WinAPI {
public class DesktopWallpaper
{
public const int SetDesktopWallpaper = 0x14;
public const int UpdateIniFile = 0x01;
public const int SendWinIniChange = 0x02;
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError=true, CharSet=CharSet.Auto)]
public static extern int SystemParametersInfo (int uAction,
int uParam,
string lpvParam,
int fuWinIni);
public static void SetWallpaper(string path)
{
SystemParametersInfo(SetDesktopWallpaper, 0, path, UpdateIniFile | SendWinIniChange);
}
}
}
"@
[WinAPI.DesktopWallpaper]::SetWallpaper('C:\image.jpg')
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find
|
# find . -type f -iname "filename"
Get-ChildItem -Filter "*filename*" -Recurse -File
ls -r -file *filename*
|
sed
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File encoding is changed to UTF-8 without BOM |
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# sed 's/txt_to_replace/replacement_text/' -i file.txt
(Get-Content file.txt) -replace 'txt_to_replace', 'replacement_text' | Set-Content file.txt
(Get-Content file.txt) -replace '^(group1).*(group2)$', '$1 text $2' | Set-Content file.txt
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grep
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# ls | grep *.txt
ls | % fullname | findstr -i "\.txt\>"
# -i Ignores the case of the characters when searching for the string
# -v Prints only lines that do not contain a match
# transforme la sortie objets en stream pour y faire une recherche
ls | out-string -stream | sls "\.txt"
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which
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(Get-Command notepad).Source
# C:\WINDOWS\system32\notepad.exe
function which($name) {
Get-Command $name | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Definition
}
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