« Ufw » : différence entre les versions

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(47 versions intermédiaires par le même utilisateur non affichées)
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[[Category:Logiciels]]
[[Category:Logiciels]]
= Liens =
= Liens =
* [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UFW UFW]
* [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UFW Help Ubuntu]
* [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Uncomplicated_Firewall Archlinux]


= Configuration =
= [https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/ufw-essentials-common-firewall-rules-and-commands Configuration] =
<kode lang='bash'>
{{warn | Once a rule is matched the others will not be evaluated so you must put the specific rules first.}}
# allow any protocol from inside 192.168.0.0/24 LAN
ufw allow from 192.168.0.0/24
# allow incoming rate limited SSH traffic from anywhere
ufw limit ssh
</kode>
 
== Applications ==
<kode lang='bash'>
# lister les configurations pour les applications (/etc/ufw/applications.d/*)
ufw app list
 
# appliquer la configuration d'une application
ufw allow MyApp
# ne plus appliquer la configuration d'une application
ufw delete allow MyApp
</kode>
 
= Démarrage / status =
<kode lang='bash'>
<kode lang='bash'>
# démarre/stoppe ufw et l'ajoute/le retire des programmes à lancer au démarrage
# lister les règles
ufw enable
ufw disable
 
# démarre ufw
ufw reload
 
# lister les régles
ufw status verbose
ufw status verbose
</kode>


== [https://askubuntu.com/questions/1040539/how-do-i-get-ufw-to-start-on-boot ufw doesn't start at startup] ==
# lister les commandes qui ont permis d'ajouter des règles
<filebox fn='/lib/systemd/system/ufw.service' lang='bash'>
#Before=network.target
After=network-pre.target  # doesn't work
After=netfilter-persistent.service  # doesn't work
</filebox>
 
= Manipulation =
<kode lang='bash'>
# lister les règles ajoutées
ufw show added
ufw show added


# autoriser les connections tcp sur le port 53
# autoriser les connections tcp sur le port 53
ufw allow 53/tcp
ufw allow 53/tcp comment 'DNS tcp 53'
# interdire les connections udp sur le port 53
ufw deny 53/udp


# autoriser une ip à accéder au port 22 en tcp quelle que soit la destination (any)
# autoriser une ip à accéder au port 22 en tcp quelle que soit la destination (any)
Ligne 67 : Ligne 31 :
# insérer une règle en position 1
# insérer une règle en position 1
ufw insert 1 allow 53/tcp
ufw insert 1 allow 53/tcp
# interdire les connections udp sur le port 53
ufw deny 53/udp
# allow any protocol from inside 192.168.0.0/24 LAN
ufw allow from 192.168.0.0/24
# allow incoming rate limited SSH traffic from anywhere
ufw limit ssh
</kode>
= Applications =
<kode lang='bash'>
# lister les configurations pour les applications (/etc/ufw/applications.d/*)
ufw app list
# appliquer la configuration de l'application [appname]
ufw allow [appname] comment 'tcp xx'
# only for packages from 192.168.0.0/24
ufw allow from 192.168.0.0/24 to any app [appname]
# only for packages to 192.168.0.0/24
ufw allow to 192.168.0.0/24 app [appname]
# ne plus appliquer la configuration de l'application [appname]
ufw delete allow [appname]
# update ufw after having modified the [appname] config file
ufw app update [appname]
# display the info on the [appname] config file
ufw app info [appname]
</kode>
</kode>
{{warn | Once a rule is matched the others will not be evaluated so you must put the specific rules first.}}


* [https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/ufw-essentials-common-firewall-rules-and-commands UFW Essentials: Common Firewall Rules and Commands]
== Applications custom ==
* [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Uncomplicated_Firewall archlinux]
<filebox fn='/etc/ufw/applications.d/dnsmasq' lang=ini collapsed>
[DNS]
title=DNS server
description=DNS server
ports=53
 
[DHCP]
title=DHCP server
description=DHCP server
ports=67,68/udp
</filebox>


= default rules =
<filebox fn='/etc/ufw/applications.d/openvpn' lang=ini collapsed>
<filebox fn='/etc/ufw/user.rules' collapsed>
[VPN]
*filter
title=VPN server
:ufw-user-input - [0:0]
description=VPN server
:ufw-user-output - [0:0]
ports=1194/udp
:ufw-user-forward - [0:0]
</filebox>
:ufw-before-logging-input - [0:0]
:ufw-before-logging-output - [0:0]
:ufw-before-logging-forward - [0:0]
:ufw-user-logging-input - [0:0]
:ufw-user-logging-output - [0:0]
:ufw-user-logging-forward - [0:0]
:ufw-after-logging-input - [0:0]
:ufw-after-logging-output - [0:0]
:ufw-after-logging-forward - [0:0]
:ufw-logging-deny - [0:0]
:ufw-logging-allow - [0:0]
:ufw-user-limit - [0:0]
:ufw-user-limit-accept - [0:0]
### RULES ###


### tuple ### allow tcp 22 0.0.0.0/0 any 0.0.0.0/0 in
<filebox fn='/etc/ufw/applications.d/transmission' lang=ini collapsed>
-A ufw-user-input -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
[Torrent]
title=Torrent server
description=Torrent server
ports=9091/tcp|51413
</filebox>


### END RULES ###
<filebox fn='/etc/ufw/applications.d/amule' lang=ini collapsed>
[Amule]
title=Amule server
description=Amule server
ports=4662,4711,4712/tcp|4665,4672/udp
</filebox>


### LOGGING ###
<filebox fn='/etc/ufw/applications.d/minidlna' lang=ini collapsed>
-A ufw-after-logging-input -j LOG --log-prefix "[UFW BLOCK] " -m limit --limit 3/min --limit-burst 10
[DLNA]
-A ufw-after-logging-forward -j LOG --log-prefix "[UFW BLOCK] " -m limit --limit 3/min --limit-burst 10
title=MiniDLNA
-I ufw-logging-deny -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j RETURN -m limit --limit 3/min --limit-burst 10
description=DLNA media streaming server
-A ufw-logging-deny -j LOG --log-prefix "[UFW BLOCK] " -m limit --limit 3/min --limit-burst 10
ports=8200/tcp|1900/udp
-A ufw-logging-allow -j LOG --log-prefix "[UFW ALLOW] " -m limit --limit 3/min --limit-burst 10
</filebox>
### END LOGGING ###


### RATE LIMITING ###
<filebox fn='/etc/ufw/applications.d/gogs' lang=ini collapsed>
-A ufw-user-limit -m limit --limit 3/minute -j LOG --log-prefix "[UFW LIMIT BLOCK] "
[GOGS]
-A ufw-user-limit -j REJECT
title=Gogs
-A ufw-user-limit-accept -j ACCEPT
description=A painless self-hosted Git service
### END RATE LIMITING ###
ports=3000/tcp
COMMIT
</filebox>
</filebox>


= Commandes =
= Démarrage / status =
<kode lang=bash>
{{warn | Ne pas oublier d'ouvrir le port SSH avant de démarrer UFW.}}
# liste des règles
 
sudo ufw status verbose
<kode lang='bash'>
# démarre/stoppe ufw et l'ajoute/le retire des programmes à lancer au démarrage
ufw enable
ufw disable
 
# démarre ufw
ufw reload


# redémarrer le firewall
# redémarrer le firewall
sudo service ufw restart
sudo service ufw restart
sudo ufw reload
sudo ufw reload
# lister les régles
ufw status verbose
</kode>
</kode>


Ligne 138 : Ligne 143 :
ufw deny from 0.0.0.0
ufw deny from 0.0.0.0
</kode>
</kode>
= ipset =
Add drop rules which match ipset sets
<filebox fn='/etc/ufw/before.rules' lang='bash'>
# drop packets from [set-name]
-I INPUT -m set --match-set [set-name] src -j DROP
</filebox>
Sets have to be created before ufw starts: force netfilter-persistent.service to start before ufw.
<filebox fn='/lib/systemd/system/netfilter-persistent.service' lang='ini'>
Before=network-pre.target shutdown.target ufw.service
</filebox>
= [https://ultramookie.com/2020/10/geoip-blocking-ubuntu-20.04/ Geo IP block] =
<kode lang='bash'>
ai geoip-database geoip-bin geoipupdate xtables-addons-common
# test
geoiplookup 58.22.14.217           
GeoIP Country Edition: CN, China
modprobe xt_geoip
lsmod | grep ^xt_geoip
iptables -m geoip -h
</kode>
<filebox fn='/etc/ufw/before.rules' lang='bash'>
# drops all traffic from RU and CN
-A ufw-before-input -m geoip --src-cc RU,CN -j DROP
</filebox>


= Log =
= Log =
== Multicast ==
{{boxx|/var/log/ufw.log}}
<filebox fn=/var/log/ufw.log lang=bash>
[UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=01:00:5e:00:00:01:e8:b7:48:bb:29:94:08:00
                        SRC=0.0.0.0
                        DST=224.0.0.1
    LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2


# depuis le serveur lui-même
= Erreurs =
SRC=0.0.0.0
<kode lang='bash'>
# NDP (neighbor discovery protocol) uses 224.0.0.1 to send a packet in multicast
# analyze blocked packages
# 224.0.0.0/8 adresses multicast
sudo tcpdump -p host 224.0.0.1
DST=224.0.0.1
</kode>


[UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=33:33:00:00:00:01:00:30:18:54:28:2a:86:dd
== UFW ne se lance pas au démarrage ==
                        SRC=fe80:0000:0000:0000:0230:18ff:fe54:282a
=== [https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ufw/+bug/1726856 Utiliser cron] ===
                        DST=ff02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001
En l'absence de solution, {{boxx|cron}} peut lancer {{boxx|UFW}} après un reboot.
    LEN=72 TC=0 HOPLIMIT=1 FLOWLBL=0 PROTO=ICMPv6 TYPE=130 CODE=0
<filebox fn='crontab' lang='bash'>
@reboot root ufw enable
</filebox>


# depuis le serveur lui-même (ipv6 du serveur)
=== [https://askubuntu.com/questions/1040539/how-do-i-get-ufw-to-start-on-boot Modifier le service UFW] ===
SRC=fe80:0000:0000:0000:0230:18ff:fe54:282a
<filebox fn='/lib/systemd/system/ufw.service' lang='bash'>
# NDP (neighbor discovery protocol) uses ff02::1 to send a packet in multicast
#Before=network.target
DST=ff02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001
After=network-pre.target  # doesn't work
After=netfilter-persistent.service  # doesn't work
</filebox>
</filebox>


<kode lang=bash>
== <nowiki>[UFW BLOCK]</nowiki> SRC=192.168.0.254 DST=224.0.0.1 PROTO=2 ==
# ufw ne log plus s'il trouve une règle qui correspond
<filebox fn='/etc/ufw/before.rules' lang=bash>
# il suffit donc d'autoriser ou d'interdire ces flux
# [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=XX:...:XX SRC=192.168.0.254 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x80 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2
sudo ufw deny from 0.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.1
# livebox.home > all-systems.mcast.net: igmp query v2
sudo ufw deny from fe80::0230:18ff:fe54:282a to ff02::1
 
</kode>
# drop multicast IGMP packages sent by the livebox
-A ufw-before-input -i eth0 -s 192.168.0.254 -d 224.0.0.1 -p igmp -j DROP
 
# ??? allow MULTICAST mDNS for service discovery ???
-A ufw-before-input -i eth0 -p udp -d 224.0.0.1 -s 192.168.0.254 --dport 5353 -j ACCEPT
</filebox>
 
== <nowiki>[UFW BLOCK]</nowiki> SRC=192.168.0.x DST=239.255.255.250 ==
<filebox fn='/etc/ufw/before.rules' lang=bash>
# allow MULTICAST UPnP for service discovery
-A ufw-before-input -p udp -d 239.255.255.250 --dport 1900 -j ACCEPT
 
# IN=eth0 OUT= MAC= SRC=192.168.0.x DST=239.255.255.250 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2
-A ufw-before-input -i eth0 -p igmp -d 239.255.255.250 -s 192.168.0.x -j ACCEPT
 
# allow Web Services Dynamic Discovery (port 3702 on IP multicast 239.255.255.250)
# IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=XX:..:XX SRC=192.168.0.x DST=239.255.255.250 LEN=684 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=22271 PROTO=UDP SPT=58421 DPT=3702 LEN=664
-A ufw-before-input -i eth0 -p udp -s 192.168.0.0/24 -d 239.255.255.250 --dport 3702 -j ACCEPT
</filebox>
 
== <nowiki>[UFW BLOCK]</nowiki> RST ==
<filebox fn='/etc/ufw/before.rules' lang=bash>
# [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= PROTO=TCP RST
-A ufw-before-input -i eth0 -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL RST -j DROP
</filebox>
 
== <nowiki>[UFW BLOCK]</nowiki> DPT=853 ==
Port 853 is used by DNS over TLS service.
<filebox fn='/etc/ufw/before.rules' lang=bash>
# [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 SRC=192.168.a.b DST=192.168.x.y PROTO=TCP DPT=853
-A ufw-before-input -i eth0 -d 192.168.x.y -p tcp --dport 853 -j DROP
</filebox>

Dernière version du 15 octobre 2023 à 20:12

Liens

Configuration

Once a rule is matched the others will not be evaluated so you must put the specific rules first.
Bash.svg 
# lister les règles
ufw status verbose

# lister les commandes qui ont permis d'ajouter des règles
ufw show added

# autoriser les connections tcp sur le port 53
ufw allow 53/tcp comment 'DNS tcp 53'

# autoriser une ip à accéder au port 22 en tcp quelle que soit la destination (any)
ufw allow from 192.168.0.1 to any port 22 proto tcp

# supprimer le règle qui autorise les connections tcp sur le port 53
ufw deny 53/tcp

# lister les régles avec leur numéro
ufw status numbered

# supprimer la règle numéro 2
ufw delete 2

# insérer une règle en position 1
ufw insert 1 allow 53/tcp

# interdire les connections udp sur le port 53
ufw deny 53/udp

# allow any protocol from inside 192.168.0.0/24 LAN
ufw allow from 192.168.0.0/24
# allow incoming rate limited SSH traffic from anywhere
ufw limit ssh

Applications

Bash.svg 
# lister les configurations pour les applications (/etc/ufw/applications.d/*)
ufw app list

# appliquer la configuration de l'application [appname]
ufw allow [appname] comment 'tcp xx'
# only for packages from 192.168.0.0/24
ufw allow from 192.168.0.0/24 to any app [appname]
# only for packages to 192.168.0.0/24
ufw allow to 192.168.0.0/24 app [appname]

# ne plus appliquer la configuration de l'application [appname]
ufw delete allow [appname]

# update ufw after having modified the [appname] config file
ufw app update [appname]

# display the info on the [appname] config file
ufw app info [appname]

Applications custom

/etc/ufw/applications.d/dnsmasq 
[DNS]
title=DNS server
description=DNS server
ports=53

[DHCP]
title=DHCP server
description=DHCP server
ports=67,68/udp
/etc/ufw/applications.d/openvpn 
[VPN]
title=VPN server
description=VPN server
ports=1194/udp
/etc/ufw/applications.d/transmission 
[Torrent]
title=Torrent server
description=Torrent server
ports=9091/tcp|51413
/etc/ufw/applications.d/amule 
[Amule]
title=Amule server
description=Amule server
ports=4662,4711,4712/tcp|4665,4672/udp
/etc/ufw/applications.d/minidlna 
[DLNA]
title=MiniDLNA
description=DLNA media streaming server
ports=8200/tcp|1900/udp
/etc/ufw/applications.d/gogs 
[GOGS]
title=Gogs
description=A painless self-hosted Git service
ports=3000/tcp

Démarrage / status

Ne pas oublier d'ouvrir le port SSH avant de démarrer UFW.
Bash.svg 
# démarre/stoppe ufw et l'ajoute/le retire des programmes à lancer au démarrage
ufw enable
ufw disable

# démarre ufw
ufw reload

# redémarrer le firewall
sudo service ufw restart
sudo ufw reload

# lister les régles
ufw status verbose

Règles

/etc/ufw/before.rules 
-A ufw-before-input -p 2 -d 224.0.0.1 -j ACCEPT
/etc/ufw/before6.rules 
# règle pour autoriser le multicast
-A ufw6-before-input -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type 130 -s fe80::/10 -j ACCEPT
Bash.svg 
ufw deny from 0.0.0.0

ipset

Add drop rules which match ipset sets

/etc/ufw/before.rules 
# drop packets from [set-name]
-I INPUT -m set --match-set [set-name] src -j DROP

Sets have to be created before ufw starts: force netfilter-persistent.service to start before ufw.

/lib/systemd/system/netfilter-persistent.service 
Before=network-pre.target shutdown.target ufw.service

Geo IP block

Bash.svg 
ai geoip-database geoip-bin geoipupdate xtables-addons-common

# test
geoiplookup 58.22.14.217            
GeoIP Country Edition: CN, China

modprobe xt_geoip
lsmod | grep ^xt_geoip

iptables -m geoip -h
/etc/ufw/before.rules 
# drops all traffic from RU and CN 
-A ufw-before-input -m geoip --src-cc RU,CN -j DROP

Log

/var/log/ufw.log

Erreurs

Bash.svg 
# analyze blocked packages
sudo tcpdump -p host 224.0.0.1

UFW ne se lance pas au démarrage

Utiliser cron

En l'absence de solution, cron peut lancer UFW après un reboot.

crontab 
@reboot root ufw enable

Modifier le service UFW

/lib/systemd/system/ufw.service 
#Before=network.target
After=network-pre.target  # doesn't work
After=netfilter-persistent.service  # doesn't work

[UFW BLOCK] SRC=192.168.0.254 DST=224.0.0.1 PROTO=2

/etc/ufw/before.rules 
# [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=XX:...:XX SRC=192.168.0.254 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x80 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2
# livebox.home > all-systems.mcast.net: igmp query v2

# drop multicast IGMP packages sent by the livebox
-A ufw-before-input -i eth0 -s 192.168.0.254 -d 224.0.0.1 -p igmp -j DROP

# ??? allow MULTICAST mDNS for service discovery ???
-A ufw-before-input -i eth0 -p udp -d 224.0.0.1 -s 192.168.0.254 --dport 5353 -j ACCEPT

[UFW BLOCK] SRC=192.168.0.x DST=239.255.255.250

/etc/ufw/before.rules 
# allow MULTICAST UPnP for service discovery
-A ufw-before-input -p udp -d 239.255.255.250 --dport 1900 -j ACCEPT

# IN=eth0 OUT= MAC= SRC=192.168.0.x DST=239.255.255.250 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2
-A ufw-before-input -i eth0 -p igmp -d 239.255.255.250 -s 192.168.0.x -j ACCEPT

# allow Web Services Dynamic Discovery (port 3702 on IP multicast 239.255.255.250)
# IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=XX:..:XX SRC=192.168.0.x DST=239.255.255.250 LEN=684 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=22271 PROTO=UDP SPT=58421 DPT=3702 LEN=664
-A ufw-before-input -i eth0 -p udp -s 192.168.0.0/24 -d 239.255.255.250 --dport 3702 -j ACCEPT

[UFW BLOCK] RST

/etc/ufw/before.rules 
# [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= PROTO=TCP RST
-A ufw-before-input -i eth0 -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL RST -j DROP

[UFW BLOCK] DPT=853

Port 853 is used by DNS over TLS service.

/etc/ufw/before.rules 
# [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 SRC=192.168.a.b DST=192.168.x.y PROTO=TCP DPT=853
-A ufw-before-input -i eth0 -d 192.168.x.y -p tcp --dport 853 -j DROP
Récupérée de « http://wiki.bananeatomic.fr/index.php?title=Ufw&oldid=29543 »