Liens

Commands

# vérifier la configuration
sudo postfix check

# recharger la configuration
sudo postfix reload

# affiche les paramètres actuels de Postfix
postconf -pf

# affiche les paramètres par défaut
postconf -df

Basic Configuration

/etc/postfix/main.cf

mydomain = domain.net
# mydomain = localdomain (localdomain is replaced during installation)

myhostname = mail.domain.net
# myhostname = <hostname>.localdomain

# domain name to use in outbound mail, ex: user@myorigin
# send mail as user@$mydomain
myorigin = $mydomain
# myorigin = $myhostname

# domains to receive mail for
# add $mydomain
mydestination = $myhostname localhost.$mydomain localhost $mydomain
# mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost

# forward mail from the local machine only
mynetworks_style = host
# mynetworks_style = ${{$compatibility_level} < {2} ? {subnet} : {host}}
# compatibility_level = 0

# relay_domains = ${{$compatibility_level} < {2} ? {$mydestination} : {}}
# never forward mail from strangers
relay_domains = 

# delivery method: direct or indirect (another smtp server)
relayhost = [smtp.internet-provider.fr]
# relayhost =   (direct delivery to Internet)

hostname

# current hostname
hostnamectl status

sudo hostnamectl set-hostname mail.domain.fr

/etc/hosts

127.0.0.1    localhost mail.domain.fr
::1          localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback mail.domain.fr

# re-login to see the changes then run
hostname -f

SMTP AUTH using SASL

/etc/postfix/main.cf

smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, reject_unauth_destination
#smtpd_sasl_local_domain = 
#smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
#inet_interfaces = all

/etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf

pwcheck_method: saslauthd
mech_list: plain login

TLS encryption for both incoming and outgoing mail

/etc/postfix/main.cf

smtpd_tls_security_level = may
#smtpd_tls_auth_only = no
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/domain.net/privkey.pem
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/domain.net/fullchain.pem
#smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/cacert.pem
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache

smtp_tls_security_level = may
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
#smtp_tls_CApath=/etc/ssl/certs
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache

# log level (default 0)
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
# 0 → no log
# 1 → Log on TLS handshake completion
# 2 → Also log levels during TLS negotiation
# 3 and 4. Use log level 3 only in case of problems. Use of log level 4 is strongly discouraged.

# only with Postman 2.2?
#smtpd_use_tls = yes

/etc/postfix/master.cf

submission inet n       -       y       -       -       smtpd
  -o syslog_name=postfix/submission
  -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
  -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
  -o smtpd_tls_auth_only=yes
  -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
#  -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
#  -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
#  -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
  -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
  -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
  -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING

SASL for SMTP Authentication

ai libsasl2-2 sasl2-bin libsasl2-modules

/etc/default/saslauthd

START=yes

Use dovecot

/etc/postfix/main.cf

smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
#smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
#smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks,reject_unauth_destination
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth

DKIM

apt install opendkim opendkim-tools

/etc/opendkim.conf

Domain        domain.fr
KeyFile       /etc/dkimkeys/dkim.key
# selectors are used to permit multiple keys under the same organization's domain name
Selector      mail
# prevent trivial reformatting in header and body destroying trust
Canonicalization    relaxed/simple
# if postfix is running in chroot
Socket    local:/var/spool/postfix/var/run/opendkim/opendkim.sock

/etc/default/opendkim

# to use a Unix socket with postfix in a chroot:
RUNDIR=/var/spool/postfix/var/run/opendkim

# generate the key
opendkim-genkey -r -s mail -b 2048 -d domain.fr
# DNS record containing the public key: mail.txt
# private key: mail.private

# copy the key
sudo mv mail.private /etc/dkimkeys/dkim.key
# check the owner of the file (root:root 600)

# configuration des droits d'accès
# add postfix in the opendkim group
sudo adduser postfix opendkim
# if postfix is running in chroot
sudo mkdir -p /var/spool/postfix/var/run/opendkim
sudo chown opendkim:opendkim /var/spool/postfix/var/run/opendkim

mail._domainkey.domain.fr. IN TXT "v=DKIM1; h=sha256; k=rsa; s=email; p=xxx";
# mail: selector
# domain.fr: domain
# v: version
# h: hash / algorithme
# k: type de clé
# s: type de service
# p: clé publique base64

/etc/postfix/main.cf

# if postfix is running in chroot, there is no / before var
non_smtpd_milters = unix:var/run/opendkim/opendkim.sock
smtpd_milters = unix:var/run/opendkim/opendkim.sock

Orange

La box d’Orange bloque le port 25 pour limiter l’envoi de spam.
L'envoie d'email doit donc se faire via le smtp d'orange.

/etc/postfix/main.cf

relayhost = [smtp.orange.fr]:587
smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl/orange.conf
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
#smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
#smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname

/etc/postfix/sasl/orange.conf

[smtp.orange.fr]:587 compte@orange.fr:password

# générer la db
sudo postmap hash:/etc/postfix/sasl/orange.conf
sudo chmod 600 /etc/postfix/sasl/orange.conf     # root:root 600
sudo chmod 600 /etc/postfix/sasl/orange.conf.db  # root:root 600

Aliases

/etc/aliases

postmaster: <user>
root:       <user>

# run after modification of the file /etc/aliases
sudo newaliases

Test

telnet localhost 25
ehlo localhost
# vérifier que les lignes suivantes sont bien affichées
# 250-STARTTLS
# 250-AUTH
mail from: root@domain.fr
rcpt to: user@gmail.com
data
subject: test
test
.
quit

Log

journalctl
/var/log/mail.log
/var/log/mail.err

Mailboxes

By default Postifx will use mbox for the mailbox format.

/etc/postfix/main.cf

# use maildir and store emails in the /home/<user>/maildir directory
home_mailbox = maildir/
mailbox_command =   # default value

UFW

# allow incoming SMTP (25) to receive emails
sudo ufw allow Postfix

Installation

apt install postfix
# General type or mail configuration: Internet site
# System mail name: domain.fr

Erreurs

Our system has detected that 550-5.7.1 this message does not meet IPv6 sending guidelines

Our system has detected that 550-5.7.1 this message does not meet IPv6 sending guidelines regarding PTR 550-5.7.1 records and authentication.
Please review 550-5.7.1 https://support.google.com/mail/?p=IPv6AuthError for more information 550 5.7.1 .

/etc/postfix/main.cf

inet_protocols = ipv4

Postfix et ubuntu

Sommaire

Liens

Commands

Basic Configuration

hostname

SMTP AUTH using SASL

TLS encryption for both incoming and outgoing mail

SASL for SMTP Authentication

Use dovecot

DKIM

Orange

Aliases

Test

Log

Mailboxes

UFW

Installation

Erreurs

Our system has detected that 550-5.7.1 this message does not meet IPv6 sending guidelines

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