Links

Manual upgrade

Updates between multiple major versions and downgrades are unsupported.

Backup the database, the data directory and the config.php file.

# backup
tar czf /folder/nextcloud.tar.gz nextcloud
sudo mysqldump -rnextcloud.sql nextcloud

# download the latest Nextcloud Server release
wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-23.0.0.tar.bz2

# unpack it
tar -xjf nextcloud-*.tar.bz2

# disable cron task
sudo crontab -u www-data -e

# stop the web server (apache)
sudo a2dissite nextcloud
sc-reload apache2

# rename old version and move the new one
mv /var/www/nextcloud /var/www/nextcloud-old
mv ~/download/nextcloud /var/www

# copy the config
cp /var/www/nextcloud-old/config/config.php /var/www/nextcloud/config

# copy the data folder
cp /var/www/nextcloud-old/data /var/www/nextcloud

# adjust file ownership and permissions
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/nextcloud
find /var/www/nextcloud/ -type d -exec chmod 750 {} \;
find /var/www/nextcloud/ -type f -exec chmod 640 {} \;

# start the web server (apache)
a2ensite nextcloud
sc-reload apache2

# upgrade with the www-data user
chmod 755 /var/www/nextcloud
cd /var/www/nextcloud
sudo -u www-data php occ upgrade
chmod 750 /var/www/nextcloud

# disable the maintenance mode if required
sudo -u www-data php occ maintenance:mode --off

# enable cron task
sudo crontab -u www-data -e

Nextcloud Security Scan

Configuration

NGINX

/etc/nginx/sites-available/nextcloud.conf

upstream php-handler {
    server unix:/var/run/php/php-fpm-nextcloud.sock;
}

# Set the `immutable` cache control options only for assets with a cache busting `v` argument
map $arg_v $asset_immutable {
    "" "";
    default "immutable";
}

server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    server_name cloud.example.com;

    # Prevent nginx HTTP Server Detection
    server_tokens off;

    # Enforce HTTPS
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}

server {
    listen 443      ssl http2;
    listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
    server_name cloud.example.com;

    # Path to the root of your installation
    root /var/www/nextcloud;

    # Use Mozilla's guidelines for SSL/TLS settings
    # https://mozilla.github.io/server-side-tls/ssl-config-generator/
    ssl_certificate     /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.key;

    # Prevent nginx HTTP Server Detection
    server_tokens off;

    # HSTS settings
    # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
    # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
    # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
    # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
    # could take several months.
    #add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload" always;

    # set max upload size and increase upload timeout:
    client_max_body_size 512M;
    client_body_timeout 300s;
    fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;

    # Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_comp_level 4;
    gzip_min_length 256;
    gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
    gzip_types application/atom+xml text/javascript application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/wasm application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;

    # Pagespeed is not supported by Nextcloud, so if your server is built
    # with the `ngx_pagespeed` module, uncomment this line to disable it.
    #pagespeed off;

    # The settings allows you to optimize the HTTP2 bandwitdth.
    # See https://blog.cloudflare.com/delivering-http-2-upload-speed-improvements/
    # for tunning hints
    client_body_buffer_size 512k;

    # HTTP response headers borrowed from Nextcloud `.htaccess`
    add_header Referrer-Policy                   "no-referrer"       always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options            "nosniff"           always;
    add_header X-Download-Options                "noopen"            always;
    add_header X-Frame-Options                   "SAMEORIGIN"        always;
    add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none"              always;
    add_header X-Robots-Tag                      "noindex, nofollow" always;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection                  "1; mode=block"     always;

    # Remove X-Powered-By, which is an information leak
    fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;

    # Add .mjs as a file extension for javascript
    # Either include it in the default mime.types list
    # or include you can include that list explicitly and add the file extension
    # only for Nextcloud like below:
    include mime.types;
    types {
        text/javascript js mjs;
    }

    # Specify how to handle directories -- specifying `/index.php$request_uri`
    # here as the fallback means that Nginx always exhibits the desired behaviour
    # when a client requests a path that corresponds to a directory that exists
    # on the server. In particular, if that directory contains an index.php file,
    # that file is correctly served; if it doesn't, then the request is passed to
    # the front-end controller. This consistent behaviour means that we don't need
    # to specify custom rules for certain paths (e.g. images and other assets,
    # `/updater`, `/ocm-provider`, `/ocs-provider`), and thus
    # `try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri`
    # always provides the desired behaviour.
    index index.php index.html /index.php$request_uri;

    # Rule borrowed from `.htaccess` to handle Microsoft DAV clients
    location = / {
        if ( $http_user_agent ~ ^DavClnt ) {
            return 302 /remote.php/webdav/$is_args$args;
        }
    }

    location = /robots.txt {
        allow all;
        log_not_found off;
        access_log off;
    }

    # Make a regex exception for `/.well-known` so that clients can still
    # access it despite the existence of the regex rule
    # `location ~ /(\.|autotest|...)` which would otherwise handle requests
    # for `/.well-known`.
    location ^~ /.well-known {
        # The rules in this block are an adaptation of the rules
        # in `.htaccess` that concern `/.well-known`.

        location = /.well-known/carddav { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }
        location = /.well-known/caldav  { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }

        location /.well-known/acme-challenge    { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }
        location /.well-known/pki-validation    { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }

        # Let Nextcloud's API for `/.well-known` URIs handle all other
        # requests by passing them to the front-end controller.
        return 301 /index.php$request_uri;
    }

    # Rules borrowed from `.htaccess` to hide certain paths from clients
    location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)(?:$|/)  { return 404; }
    location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console)                { return 404; }

    # Ensure this block, which passes PHP files to the PHP process, is above the blocks
    # which handle static assets (as seen below). If this block is not declared first,
    # then Nginx will encounter an infinite rewriting loop when it prepends `/index.php`
    # to the URI, resulting in a HTTP 500 error response.
    location ~ \.php(?:$|/) {
        # Required for legacy support
        rewrite ^/(?!index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|oc[ms]-provider\/.+|.+\/richdocumentscode\/proxy) /index.php$request_uri;

        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
        set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;

        try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;

        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
        fastcgi_param HTTPS on;

        fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;         # Avoid sending the security headers twice
        fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;     # Enable pretty urls
        fastcgi_pass php-handler;

        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        fastcgi_request_buffering off;

        fastcgi_max_temp_file_size 0;
    }

    # Serve static files
    location ~ \.(?:css|js|mjs|svg|gif|png|jpg|ico|wasm|tflite|map)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463, $asset_immutable";
        access_log off;     # Optional: Don't log access to assets

        location ~ \.wasm$ {
            default_type application/wasm;
        }
    }

    location ~ \.woff2?$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
        expires 7d;         # Cache-Control policy borrowed from `.htaccess`
        access_log off;     # Optional: Don't log access to assets
    }

    # Rule borrowed from `.htaccess`
    location /remote {
        return 301 /remote.php$request_uri;
    }

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri;
    }
}

Create a php-fpm pool

/etc/php/8.2/fpm/pool.d/nextcloud.conf

[nextcloud]

user = www-data
group = www-data

listen = /run/php/php8.2-fpm-nextcloud.sock
listen.owner = www-data
listen.group = www-data

pm = ondemand
pm.max_children = 5
pm.process_idle_timeout = 60s;

env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
env[PATH] = /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin
env[TMP] = /tmp
env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
env[TEMP] = /tmp

php_value[memory_limit] = 512M

php_value[opcache.validate_timestamps] = 0  ; disable the revalidation completely
php_value[opcache.jit] = 1255
php_value[opcache.jit_buffer_size] = 128M
php_value[opcache.interned_strings_buffer] = 32

# get the PATH var
sudo -u www-data printenv PATH

php-fpm configuration notes

Apache

/etc/apache2/sites-available/nextcloud.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName nextcloud.domain.fr
    Redirect   / https://nextcloud.domain.fr/
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost _default_:443>
    ServerName nextcloud.domain.fr
    DocumentRoot /var/www/nextcloud
    
    SSLCertificateFile      /etc/letsencrypt/live/domain.fr/fullchain.pem
    SSLCertificateKeyFile   /etc/letsencrypt/live/domain.fr/privkey.pem
    Include                 /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-apache.conf
    
    <FilesMatch "\.php$">
        SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
    </FilesMatch>

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/nextcloud-error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/nextcloud-access.log combined
    
    <IfModule mod_headers.c>
        Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; preload"
    </IfModule>
    
    <Directory /var/www/nextcloud>
        Options FollowSymlinks
        AllowOverride all
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

Pretty URL

config/config.php

  'overwrite.cli.url' => 'https://nextcloud.domain.fr/',
  'htaccess.RewriteBase' => '/',

sudo -u www-data php /var/www/nextcloud/occ maintenance:update:htaccess

Server tuning

PHP-FPM

/etc/php/8.2/fpm/pool.d/nextcloud.conf

[nextcloud]

user = www-data
group = www-data

listen = /run/php/php8.2-fpm-nextcloud.sock

listen.owner = www-data
listen.group = www-data

pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 10
pm.start_servers = 4
pm.min_spare_servers = 2
pm.max_spare_servers = 6

php_value[memory_limit] = 512M
php_value[opcache.interned_strings_buffer] = 16
; disable the revalidation completely
php_value[opcache.validate_timestamps] = 0
php_value[opcache.jit] = 1255
php_value[opcache.jit_buffer_size] = 128M

/etc/apache2/sites-available/nextcloud.conf

<FilesMatch "\.php$">
    # use the nextcloud php-fpm pool
    SetHandler "proxy:unix:/run/php/php8.2-fpm-nextcloud.sock|fcgi://localhost"
    SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
</FilesMatch>

# restart PHP FPM
sc-restart php8.2-fpm.service

MySQL

/etc/mysql/conf.d/mysql.cnf

[mysqld]
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
innodb_io_capacity = 4000

Background jobs

# edit crontab for user www-data
sudo crontab -u www-data -e

# run cron.php every 5 minutes
*/5  *  *  *  * php -f /var/www/nextcloud/cron.php

With admin account, change the Settings → Administration → Basic settings → Background jobs = Cron

Settings

Resetting a lost admin password

# change the admin password
sudo -u www-data php /var/www/nextcloud/occ user:resetpassword admin

Email server

Setting	Value
Send mode	SMTP
Authentication method	None: to send emails on the domain only Plain: to send emails to other domains (cf Postfix smtpd_relay_restrictions)
Authentication required	use same credential as for roundcube
Server address	smtp.domain.fr:25

Apps

Installer des Apps:

se connecter en admin
cliquer sur l'icone du profile en haut à droite → Apps

Deck

Outils de gestion de taches similaire à Trello

Mail

Talk

Chat, video & audio calls

Calendar

Installation sur Ubuntu 18.04

wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/latest-27.tar.bz2
tar xf latest-*.tar.bz2
sudo mv -T nextcloud /var/www/nextcloud
sudo chown -R root:root /var/www/nextcloud

# vérifier que les modules php suivant sont bien installés
dpkg -l php-zip php-gd php-curl php-imagick

# folders rights
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data apps
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data config
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data data
sudo chmod 750 config

create database nextcloud;
grant all privileges on nextcloud.* to 'nextcloud'@'localhost' identified by 'password';
flush privileges;

Errors

Memcache \OC\Memcache\APCu not available for local cache

/etc/php/7.4/mods-available/apcu.ini

apc.enable_cli=1

The PHP memory limit is below the recommended value of 512MB

/etc/php/7.4/apache2/php.ini

memory_limit = 512M

MySQL is used as database but does not support 4-byte characters

A memcache is not required and you may safely ignore the warning if you prefer