Version du 2 août 2024 à 11:06

Links

Components libraries

Useful librairies

LocalStorage

Pages

Pages/Items.razor

@page "/items"          @* url *@
@page "/item/{id:int}"  @* url avec un parameter *@

<PageTitle>Items</PageTitle>

@if (Items == null)  @* attendre que la valeur soit chargée *@
{
    <p><em>Loading...</em></p>
}
else
{ /* ... */ }

Pages/Items.razor.cs

public partial class Table : ComponentBase
{
    private IReadOnlyCollection<ItemDto> items;

    [Parameter]
    public int Id { get; set; }

    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
    {
        items = await this.ItemClient.GetAsync();
    }

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender) { }

CSS isolation

Pages/Items.razor.css

/* scoped css only for this page */
/* @import is not allowed in scoped css */
first-level-tag { }
first-level-tag ::deep second-level-tag { }

JS isolation

Pages/MyPage.razor.js

export function myFunction() { }

export function myFunctionWithArg(arg) {
    return 'ok';
}

Pages/MyPage.razor.cs

public partial class MyPage : ComponentBase, IAsyncDisposable
{
    [Inject]
    private IJSRuntime JS { get; set; } = default!;

    private IJSObjectReference? module;

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
    {
        if (firstRender)
        {
            module = await JS.InvokeAsync<IJSObjectReference>("import", "./Pages/MyPage.razor.js");
        }
    }

    private async Task MyJsFunction()
    {
        if (module is not null)
            await module.InvokeVoidAsync("myFunction");
    }

    private async ValueTask<string?> MyJsFunctionWithArg(string arg)
    {
        string result = null;
        if (module is not null) 
            await module.InvokeAsync<string>("myFunctionWithArg", arg);
        return result;
    }

    async ValueTask IAsyncDisposable.DisposeAsync()
    {
        if (module is not null)
            await module.DisposeAsync();
    }

Event handling

MyPage.razor

<button @onclick=OnButtonClicked>Click me</button>
<button @onclick="() => OnButtonClicked(Item.Name)">Click me</button>

MyPage.razor.cs

void OnButtonClicked()
{ }

async Task OnButtonClicked(string name)
{ }

preventDefault and stopPropagation

<div @onclick="OnDivClicked">
    <a href="/page1" @onclick=OnLinkClicked
                     @onclick:preventDefault    @* prevent the navigation to the url but still executes the OnLinkClicked method *@
                     @onclick:stopPropagation>  @* stop the propagation of the event (bubbling), so the OnDivClicked method is never called *@
        Page 1
    </a>
</div>

foreach

<ul>
@foreach (var item in items)
{
    <li>
        @item
    </li>
}
</ul>

Form

EditItem.razor

@page "/edititem/{ItemId:int}"

<EditForm Model="@item"
          OnValidSubmit="@HandleValidSubmitAsync"
          OnInvalidSubmit="@HandleInvalidSubmitAsync">

    <button type="submit">Save</button> 
    <button @onclick="Cancel">Cancel</button>           
</EditForm>

EditItem.razor.cs

[Parameter]
public int ItemId { get; set; }

[Inject]
private IItemService ItemService { get; set; }

private Item item = null;

protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
{
    item = await ItemDataService.GetItemAsync(ItemId);
}

// when the submit button is clicked and the model is valid
private async Task HandleValidSubmitAsync()
{
    await ItemService.UpdateItemAsync(item);
}

// when the submit button is clicked and the model is not valid
private async Task HandleInvalidSubmitAsync() { }

Input Text

<div class="form-group row">

    <label for="name"
           class="col-sm-3">
        Item: 
    </label>

    <InputText id="name"
               @bind-Value="Item.Name"
               class="form-control col-sm-8"
               placeholder="Enter name">
    </InputText>
</div>

Data binding

One way

Changes made in the UI doesn't change the binded property.
The onchange event can be used to manually update the property.

Fichier:Blazor.svg

<input type="text" value="@Description"
       @onchange=@((ChangeEventArgs __e) => Description = __e.Value.ToString())
       @onchange=OnInputChanged />

@code {
    string Description { get; set; } = "Text";

    void OnInputChanged(ChangeEventArgs e) => Description = e.Value.ToString();
}

Two way

Fichier:Blazor.svg

<input type="text" @bind="Name" />    @* by default uses the 'on change' event (focus lost) *@

<input type="text" @bind="Name"
                   @bind:event="oninput"          @* use the oninput event instead of the default onchange, the event is triggered on each input key event *@
                   @bind:after="DoActionAsync" /> @* trigger the DoActionAsync method when the UI text is modified *@

@code {
    string Name { get; set; } = "Text";

    async Task DoActionAsync() { }
}

Form validation

Data Annotation

Item.cs

[Required, StringLength(50, MinimumLength = 3, ErrorMessage = "Name must be between 3 and 50 characters")]
public string Name { get; set; }

Pages/ItemEdit.razor

<EditForm Model="@item">
    <DataAnnotationsValidator />
    <ValidationSummary />  @* affiche la liste des messages d'erreur de validation *@

    <InputText @bind-value="item.Name" 
               placeholder="Enter name" />
    <ValidationMessage class="offset-sm-3 col-sm-8" For="@(() => Item.Name)" />  @* affiche le message d'erreur de validation *@

FluentValidation

dotnet add package Blazored.FluentValidation

_Imports.razor

@using Blazored.FluentValidation

Pages/MyForm.razor

<EditForm Model="@model" OnValidSubmit="@SubmitValidForm">
    <FluentValidationValidator />

Manual validation

Clients/ItemClient.cs

public async Task<OperationResult<IReadOnlyCollection<ItemResponse>>> GetItemsAsync(
    ItemQuery query,
    CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
    ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(query);

    // client validation
    var validator = new ItemQueryValidator();
    var validationResult = validator.Validate(query);
    if (!validationResult.IsValid)
    {
        return new OperationResult<IReadOnlyCollection<TransactionResponse>>(validationResult.Errors);
    }

Clients/OperationResult.cs

public class OperationResult<T>
{
    public T? Result { get; set; }
    public IDictionary<string, string[]> ValidationErrors { get; } // error messages grouped by property name
    public IReadOnlyCollection<string> Errors => ValidationErrors.SelectMany(x => x.Value).ToList();
    public bool IsValid => ValidationErrors.Count == 0;

    public OperationResult(IDictionary<string, string[]> validationErrors)  // for server side validation error
    {
        ValidationErrors = validationErrors;
    }

    public OperationResult(IEnumerable<ValidationFailure> validationFailures)  // for client side validation errors
    {
        ValidationErrors = validationFailures
            .GroupBy(x => x.PropertyName, x => x.ErrorMessage)
            .ToDictionary(x => x.Key, x => x.ToArray());
    }

    public OperationResult(T result)  // for valid result
    {
        Result = result;
        ValidationErrors = new Dictionary<string, string[]>();
    }
}

Form exemples

Deactivate the form while submitting

MyPage.razor

<EditForm Model="@search"
          OnValidSubmit="@HandleValidSubmitAsync">
    <DataAnnotationsValidator />

    <fieldset disabled="@isSearching">
        <div class="row justify-content-center">
            <InputText @bind-Value="search.Text"
                        class="col-sm-6"
                        placeholder="Nom de table" />
            <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary col-auto">
                @if (!isSearching)
                {
                    <span class="oi oi-magnifying-glass" aria-hidden="true"></span>
                }
                else
                {
                    <span class="spinner-border spinner-border-sm" role="status" aria-hidden="true"></span>
                }
            </button>
        </div>

        <div class="row justify-content-center">
            <ValidationMessage class="text-danger col-sm-6" For="@(() => search.Text)" />
        </div>
    </fieldset>

</EditForm>

@if (isSearching)
{
    <h5 class="text-center mt-5 mb-2">Loading 
        <span class="spinner-border spinner-border-sm" role="status"></span>
    </h5>
}
else if (tables.Count > 0)
{
    <h5 class="text-center mt-5 mb-2">Résultat de la recherche</h5>
}
else if (validSearchHasBeenStarted)
{
    <h5 class="text-center mt-5 mb-2">Pas de résultat pour cette recherche</h5>
}

MyPage.razor.cs

private bool isSearching { get; set; } = false;
private bool validSearchHasBeenStarted { get; set; } = false;

private async Task HandleValidSubmitAsync()
{
    validSearchHasBeenStarted = true;
    isSearching = true;

    var data = await myClient.FetchDataAsync(search.Text);

    isSearching = false;
}

Components

Components/MyComponent.razor

Components/MyComponent.cs

[Parameter]
public EventCallback<bool> MyEventCallback { get; set; }

// invoke asynchronously callback
await MyEventCallback.InvokeAsync(true);

_Imports.razor

@* Make components available *@
@using BlazorServerApp.Components

Pages/MyPage.razor

<MyComponent @ref="MyComponent"
             MyEventCallback="@MyComponent_OnSomethingHappened"></MyComponent>

Pages/MyPageBase.cs

protected MyComponentBase MyComponent { get; set; }

public async void MyComponent_OnSomethingHappened()
{
    // refresh the DOM if elements have changed
    StateHasChanged();
}

Lifecycle methods

Method	Start / End	Show
SetParametersAsync	Start	false
OnInitializedAsync	Start	false
OnAfterRenderAsync	Start	false
OnAfterRenderAsync	End	false
OnInitializedAsync	End	true
OnParametersSetAsync	Start	true
OnParametersSetAsync	End	true
OnAfterRenderAsync	Start	true
OnAfterRenderAsync	End	true
SetParametersAsync	End	true

OnInitialized OnInitializedAsync
OnParametersSet OnParametersSetAsync
OnAfterRender OnAfterRenderAsync

EventCallback

ChildComponent.razor

<button @onclick="OnClickCallback">Click</button>

@code {
    [Parameter]
    public EventCallback<MouseEventArgs> OnClickCallback { get; set; }
}

Parent.razor

@* The ShowMessage is passed to the ChildComponent
   When the button will be pressed in the ChildComponent, the ShowMessage will be triggered in the parent *@
<ChildComponent OnClickCallback="@ShowMessage">
    Content of the child component is supplied by the parent component.
</ChildComponent>

@code {
    private void ShowMessage(MouseEventArgs e)
    { }
}

Navigation

[Inject]
private NavigationManager NavigationManager { get; set; } = default!;

NavigationManager.NavigateTo("url");

// to implement redirection, use the OnInitializedAsync method otherwise you will get an NavigationException 
protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
{
    NavigationManager.NavigateTo("/item", true, true);
    await base.OnInitializedAsync();
}

NavigationException with NavigationManager called from OnInitialized

Go to the previous page

There is no native way in Blazor to go back to the previous page, but there is still the JS way.

private IJSRuntime JSRuntime { get; set; } = default!;

await JSRuntime.InvokeVoidAsync("history.back")

Dependency injection

Program.cs

builder.Services.AddTransient<IMyService, MyService>();

Pages/MyPage.razor.cs

[Inject]
private IMyService myService { get; set; }

Lifetime	Description
Singleton	creates a single instance of the service. All components requiring a Singleton service receive the same instance of the service.
Transient	creates a new instance of the service on each component request.
Scoped	creates a new instance of the service on each HTTP request but not across SignalR connection/circuit messages. Which means only when: The user closes the browser's window, then opens a new window and navigates back to the app. The user closes a tab of the app in a browser window, then opens a new tab and navigates back to the app. The user selects the browser's reload/refresh button.

Localization / Langue / Culture

Program.cs

builder.Services.AddLocalization();

app.UseRequestLocalization("fr-FR");

Call a web API from ASP.NET Core Blazor

Program.cs

//builder.Services.AddServerSideBlazor();

var myWebapiUrl = builder.Configuration["MyWebapiUrl"];
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(myWebapiUrl))
{
    throw new Exception("MyWebapiUrl setting is null");
}
builder.Services.AddHttpClient<IMyClient, MyClient>(
    client => client.BaseAddress = new Uri(myWebapiUrl)
);

ASP.NET 7 webapi client

Entity Framework Core

Program.cs

builder.Services.AddScoped(_ => new MyDbContext(builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("MyDbContext")));

appsettings.json

{
  "ConnectionStrings": {
    "MyDbContext": "Data Source=MyServer; Initial Catalog=MyDb; Integrated Security=True; MultipleActiveResultSets=True;"
  },

MyRepository.cs

private readonly MyDbContext context;

public MyRepository(MyDbContext context)
{
    this.context= context;
}

public Task<Data> FetchDataAsync()
    => context.Data.ToListAsync();

Using a DbContext factory

DbContext isn't thread safe and isn't designed for concurrent use.
To handle multi-threads scenarios, use a AddDbContextFactory to create a DbContext for each query.

Program.cs

builder.Services.AddDbContextFactory<MyDbContext>();

MyRepository.cs

private readonly IDbContextFactory<MyDbContext> contextFactory;

public MyRepository(IDbContextFactory<MyDbContext> contextFactory)
{
    this.contextFactory = contextFactory;
}

public async Task<Data> FetchDataAsync()
{
    // create a DbContext for this query, then dispose it once the query has been executed
    using var context = await contextFactory.CreateDbContextAsync();
}

State management

[Inject]
public ProtectedSessionStorage ProtectedSessionStore { get; set; }

protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
{
    if (firstRender)
    {
        await LoadStateAsync();
        StateHasChanged();
    }
}

private async Task LoadStateAsync()
{
    var fetchValueResult = await ProtectedSessionStore.GetAsync<string>("key");
    var value = fetchValueResult.Success ? fetchValueResult.Value : null;
}

await ProtectedSessionStore.SetAsync("key", value);

External JS libraries

LibMan library manager

# install the LibMan CLI
dotnet tool install -g Microsoft.Web.LibraryManager.Cli

# create the libman.js file
libman init
# available providers: cdnjs (default), jsdelivr (choose this one), unpkg, filesystem

libman install bootswatch@5.0.1 --files dist/darkly/bootstrap.min.css

# uninstall bootstrap
libman uninstall bootstrap@5.0.1

Use LibMan with ASP.NET Core in Visual Studio

Bootstrap

# jsdelivr provider
# install only bootstrap.min.css and bootstrap.bundle.min.js (with popper)
libman install bootstrap@latest \
  --files dist/css/bootstrap.min.css \
  --files dist/css/bootstrap.min.css.map \
  --files dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js \
  --files dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js.map \
  --files LICENSE
# default destination path: wwwroot/lib/bootstrap

Pages/_Host.cshtml

<head>
    <!-- REPLACE <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.css" /> BY -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css" />
    <link href="css/site.css" rel="stylesheet" />

    <script src="lib/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
    <script src="_framework/blazor.server.js"></script>
</body>

Pages/Error.cshtml

<head>
    <!-- REPLACE <link href="~/css/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" /> BY -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/lib/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css" />

Bootstrap icons

# install the css and fonts only
libman install bootstrap-icons@latest \
  --files font/bootstrap-icons.min.css \
  --files font/fonts/bootstrap-icons.woff \
  --files font/fonts/bootstrap-icons.woff2
# default destination path: wwwroot/lib/bootstrap-icons

Pages/_Host.cshtml

<head>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/bootstrap-icons/font/bootstrap-icons.min.css" />
    <link href="css/site.css" rel="stylesheet" />

wwroot/css/site.css

/* remove this line */
@import url('open-iconic/font/css/open-iconic-bootstrap.min.css');

	Delete the folder wwwroot/css/open-iconic

Shared/NavMenu.razor

<NavLink class="nav-link" href="" Match="NavLinkMatch.All">
    <i class="bi bi-house"></i> Home
</NavLink>

Shared/NavMenu.razor.css

/* replace .oi by .bi */
.bi {
    width: 2rem;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    vertical-align: text-top;
    top: -2px;
}

Handle exceptions

Shared/MainLayout.razor

<ErrorBoundary @ref="errorBoundary">
    <ChildContent>
        @Body
    </ChildContent>
    <ErrorContent Context="e">
        @{ OnError(@e); }
        <MudAlert Severity="Severity.Error">An exception occured: @e.Message</MudAlert>
    </ErrorContent>
</ErrorBoundary>

@code {
    [Inject]
    private ILogger<MainLayout> Logger { get; set; } = null!;

    private ErrorBoundary? errorBoundary;

    private void OnError(Exception e)
    {
        Logger.LogCritical(e, e.Message);
    }

    // reset the ErrorBoundary to a non-error state on subsequent page navigation events by calling the error boundary's Recover method.
    protected override void OnParametersSet()
    {
        errorBoundary?.Recover();
    }
}

Turn on detailed errors

	Display detailed error in the client. Never do that in Production, rely better on server log.

Program.cs

builder.Services.AddServerSideBlazor()
                .AddCircuitOptions(o =>
    {
        o.DetailedErrors = true;
        o.DetailedErrors = builder.Environment.IsDevelopment();  // only add details when debugging
    });

Create a new project

mkdir MySolution
cd MySolution
dotnet new sln --name MySolution

dotnet new blazorserver -o MyBlazorProject --no-https
dotnet sln add ./MyBlazorProject/MyBlazorProject.csproj

@@ Ligne 464 : / Ligne 464 : @@
 </kode>
 * [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58076758/navigationerror-on-navigateto NavigationException with NavigationManager called from OnInitialized]
+== [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/62561926/blazor-navigation-manager-go-back Go to the previous page] ==
+There is no native way in Blazor to go back to the previous page, but there is still the JS way.
+<kode lang='cs'>
+private IJSRuntime JSRuntime { get; set; } = default!;
+await JSRuntime.InvokeVoidAsync("history.back")
+</kode>
 = [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/blazor/fundamentals/dependency-injection?view=aspnetcore-7.0 Dependency injection] =

« Blazor ASP.NET Core 7.0 » : différence entre les versions

Version du 2 août 2024 à 11:06

Links

Components libraries

Useful librairies

Pages

preventDefault and stopPropagation

foreach

One way

Two way

Form validation

Manual validation

Form exemples

Deactivate the form while submitting

Navigation

External JS libraries

Bootstrap

Create a new project

Menu de navigation

Rechercher

« Blazor ASP.NET Core 7.0 » : différence entre les versions