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| Ligne 59 : |
Ligne 59 : |
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| == hostname == | | == hostname == |
| | {{warn | Not sure that it is needed if localhost is used.}} |
| <kode lang='bash'> | | <kode lang='bash'> |
| # current hostname | | # current hostname |
Version du 2 septembre 2023 à 19:10
Liens
Description
Postfix is a SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) server.
Commands
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# vérifier la configuration
sudo postfix check
# recharger la configuration
sudo postfix reload
# affiche les paramètres actuels de Postfix
postconf -pf
# affiche les paramètres par défaut
postconf -df
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| /etc/postfix/main.cf
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mydomain = domain.net
# mydomain = localdomain (localdomain is replaced during installation)
myhostname = mail.domain.net
# myhostname = <hostname>.localdomain
# domain name to use in outbound mail, ex: user@myorigin
# send mail as user@$mydomain
myorigin = $mydomain
# myorigin = $myhostname
# domains to receive mail for
# add $mydomain
mydestination = $myhostname localhost.$mydomain localhost $mydomain
# mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
# alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, nis:mail.aliases
# forward mail from the local machine only
mynetworks_style = host
# mynetworks_style = ${{$compatibility_level} < {2} ? {subnet} : {host}}
# compatibility_level = 0
# relay_domains = ${{$compatibility_level} < {2} ? {$mydestination} : {}}
# never forward mail from strangers
relay_domains =
# delivery method: direct or indirect (another smtp server)
relayhost = [smtp.internet-provider.fr]
# relayhost = (direct delivery to Internet)
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hostname
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Not sure that it is needed if localhost is used. |
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# current hostname
hostnamectl status
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname mail.domain.fr
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| /etc/hosts
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127.0.0.1 localhost mail.domain.fr
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback mail.domain.fr
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# re-login to see the changes then run
hostname -f
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| /etc/postfix/main.cf
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smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
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La box d’Orange bloque le port 25 pour limiter l’envoi de spam.
L'envoie d'email doit donc se faire via le smtp d'orange. |
| /etc/postfix/main.cf
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relayhost = [smtp.orange.fr]:587
smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl/orange.conf
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
# smtp_sasl_security_options = noplaintext, noanonymous
#broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
#smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
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| /etc/postfix/sasl/orange.conf
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[smtp.orange.fr]:587 compte@orange.fr:password
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# générer la db
sudo postmap hash:/etc/postfix/sasl/orange.conf
sudo chmod 600 /etc/postfix/sasl/orange.conf # root:root 600
sudo chmod 600 /etc/postfix/sasl/orange.conf.db # root:root 600
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| /etc/postfix/main.cf
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smtpd_tls_security_level = may
#smtpd_tls_auth_only = no
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/domain.net/privkey.pem
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/domain.net/fullchain.pem
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
# log level (default 0)
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
# 0 → no log
# 1 → Log on TLS handshake completion
# 2 → Also log levels during TLS negotiation
# 3 and 4. Use log level 3 only in case of problems. Use of log level 4 is strongly discouraged.
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| /etc/postfix/master.cf
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submission inet n - y - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_tls_auth_only=yes
-o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
-o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
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Postfix supports the Dovecot SASL (Simple Authentication and Security Layer) implementation.
Dovecot is a POP/IMAP (Post Office Protocol / Interactive Message Access Protocol) server, it has its own configuration to authenticate POP/IMAP clients.
Communication between the Postfix SMTP server and Dovecot SASL happens over a UNIX-domain socket.
| /etc/postfix/main.cf
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smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, reject_unauth_destination
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
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apt install opendkim opendkim-tools
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| /etc/opendkim.conf
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Domain domain.fr
KeyFile /etc/dkimkeys/dkim.key
# selectors are used to permit multiple keys under the same organization's domain name
Selector mail
# prevent trivial reformatting in header and body destroying trust
Canonicalization relaxed/simple
# if postfix is running in chroot
Socket local:/var/spool/postfix/var/run/opendkim/opendkim.sock
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| /etc/default/opendkim
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# to use a Unix socket with postfix in a chroot:
RUNDIR=/var/spool/postfix/var/run/opendkim
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# generate the key
opendkim-genkey -r -s mail -b 2048 -d domain.fr
# DNS record containing the public key: mail.txt
# private key: mail.private
# copy the key
sudo mv mail.private /etc/dkimkeys/dkim.key
# check the owner of the file (root:root 600)
# configuration des droits d'accès
# add postfix in the opendkim group
sudo adduser postfix opendkim
# if postfix is running in chroot
sudo mkdir -p /var/spool/postfix/var/run/opendkim
sudo chown opendkim:opendkim /var/spool/postfix/var/run/opendkim
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mail._domainkey.domain.fr. IN TXT "v=DKIM1; h=sha256; k=rsa; s=email; p=xxx";
# mail: selector
# domain.fr: domain
# v: version
# h: hash / algorithme
# k: type de clé
# s: type de service
# p: clé publique base64
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| /etc/postfix/main.cf
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# if postfix is running in chroot, there is no / before var
non_smtpd_milters = unix:var/run/opendkim/opendkim.sock
smtpd_milters = unix:var/run/opendkim/opendkim.sock
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Aliases
| /etc/aliases
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postmaster: <user>
root: <user>
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# run after modification of the file /etc/aliases
sudo newaliases
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Test
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telnet localhost 25
ehlo localhost
# vérifier que les lignes suivantes sont bien affichées
# 250-STARTTLS
# 250-AUTH
mail from: root@domain.fr
rcpt to: user@gmail.com
data
subject: test
test
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quit
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Log
- journalctl
- /var/log/mail.log
- /var/log/mail.err
Mailboxes
By default Postifx will use mbox for the mailbox format.
| /etc/postfix/main.cf
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# use maildir and store emails in the /home/<user>/maildir directory
home_mailbox = maildir/
mailbox_command = # default value
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UFW
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# allow incoming SMTP (25) to receive emails
sudo ufw allow Postfix
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Installation
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apt install postfix
# General type or mail configuration: Internet site
# System mail name: domain.fr
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Erreurs
Our system has detected that 550-5.7.1 this message does not meet IPv6 sending guidelines
Our system has detected that 550-5.7.1 this message does not meet IPv6 sending guidelines regarding PTR 550-5.7.1 records and authentication.
Please review 550-5.7.1 https://support.google.com/mail/?p=IPv6AuthError for more information 550 5.7.1 .
| /etc/postfix/main.cf
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inet_protocols = ipv4
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