Dernière version du 9 mars 2025 à 22:03

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New Capabilities in .NET 9

mix and match rendering modes on a per page basis (static server-side rendering (SSR) and interactive modes)
for Blazor Server, WebSocket compression is enabled by default, meaning your data will zip back and forth faster than ever
for Blazor Server, the reconnection experience is way better: no more annoying waits when you navigate back to a disconnected app
inject dependencies directly into the components' constructors

Description

Développement frontend avec C#
Intégration des bibliothèques .NET existantes (nuget)

WebAssembly

Permet d'exécuter du bytecode (code intermediaire) dans le navigateur grâce à la javascript runtime sandbox.
WebAssembly est nativement présent dans les navigateurs moderne.
WebAssembly possède un runtime .NET (mono.wasm), ce qui permet d'exécuter des assemblies .NET dans le navigateur.

Hosting models

Blazor WebAssembly

L'application est téléchargée et exécutée dans le navigateur.

Excellentes performances
Pas besoin d'un serveur web ASP.NET Core pour héberger l'application
Permet une utilisation offline une fois chargée
Le temps de chargement est long, il faut télécharger l'application, ses dépendances et le .NET runtime
Les identifiants pour les accès aux bdd et web API sont chargés par chaque client

Blazor Server

L'application est exécutée sur le serveur. UI updates, event handling et les appels JavaScript sont pris en charge grâce à une connexion SignalR.

Pas besoin de WebAssembly
Chaque interaction utilisateur nécessite un appel au serveur
Un serveur web ASP.NET Core est nécessaire pour héberger l'application

Pages

Pages/Items.razor

@page "/items"          @* url *@
@page "/item/{id:int}"  @* url avec un parameter *@

<PageTitle>Items</PageTitle>

@if (Items == null)  @* attendre que la valeur soit chargée *@
{
    <p><em>Loading...</em></p>
}
else
{ /* ... */ }

Pages/Items.razor.cs

public partial class Table : ComponentBase
{
    private IReadOnlyCollection<ItemDto> items;

    [Parameter]
    public int Id { get; set; }

    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
    {
        items = await this.ItemClient.GetAsync();
    }

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender) { }

CSS isolation

You may need to refresh the browser cache

Pages/Items.razor.css

/* scoped css only for this page */
/* @import is not allowed in scoped css */
.class { } /* apply on the first level tag with class */
::deep .class { } /* apply on all the tags with class */

/* rendered CSS */
.class[b-t6dfgx6u46] { }

[b-t6dfgx6u46] .class { }

JS isolation

Pages/MyPage.razor.js

export function myFunction() { }

export function myFunctionWithArg(arg) {
    return 'ok';
}

Pages/MyPage.razor.cs

public partial class MyPage : ComponentBase, IAsyncDisposable
{
    [Inject]
    private IJSRuntime JS { get; set; } = default!;

    private IJSObjectReference? module;

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
    {
        if (firstRender)
        {
            module = await JS.InvokeAsync<IJSObjectReference>("import", "./Pages/MyPage.razor.js");
        }
    }

    private async Task MyJsFunction()
    {
        if (module is not null)
            await module.InvokeVoidAsync("myFunction");
    }

    private async ValueTask<string?> MyJsFunctionWithArg(string arg)
    {
        string result = null;
        if (module is not null) 
            await module.InvokeAsync<string>("myFunctionWithArg", arg);
        return result;
    }

    async ValueTask IAsyncDisposable.DisposeAsync()
    {
        if (module is not null)
            await module.DisposeAsync();
    }

Event handling

MyPage.razor

<button @onclick=OnButtonClicked>Click me</button>
<button @onclick="() => OnButtonClicked(Item.Name)">Click me</button>

MyPage.razor.cs

void OnButtonClicked()
{ }

async Task OnButtonClicked(string name)
{ }

preventDefault and stopPropagation

<div @onclick="OnDivClicked">
    <a href="/page1" @onclick=OnLinkClicked
                     @onclick:preventDefault    @* prevent the navigation to the url but still executes the OnLinkClicked method *@
                     @onclick:stopPropagation>  @* stop the propagation of the event (bubbling), so the OnDivClicked method is never called *@
        Page 1
    </a>
</div>

foreach

<ul>
@foreach (var item in items)
{
    <li>
        @item
    </li>
}
</ul>

Form

EditItem.razor

@page "/edititem/{ItemId:int}"

<EditForm Model="@item"
          OnValidSubmit="@HandleValidSubmitAsync"
          OnInvalidSubmit="@HandleInvalidSubmitAsync">

    <button type="submit">Save</button> 
    <button @onclick="Cancel">Cancel</button>           
</EditForm>

EditItem.razor.cs

[Parameter]
public int ItemId { get; set; }

[Inject]
private IItemService ItemService { get; set; }

private Item item = null;

protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
{
    item = await ItemDataService.GetItemAsync(ItemId);
}

// when the submit button is clicked and the model is valid
private async Task HandleValidSubmitAsync()
{
    await ItemService.UpdateItemAsync(item);
}

// when the submit button is clicked and the model is not valid
private async Task HandleInvalidSubmitAsync() { }

Input Text

<div class="form-group row">

    <label for="name"
           class="col-sm-3">
        Item: 
    </label>

    <InputText id="name"
               @bind-Value="Item.Name"
               class="form-control col-sm-8"
               placeholder="Enter name">
    </InputText>
</div>

@* ValueChanged event *@
<InputText Value="@item.Name"
           ValueChanged="ItemNameChanged"
           ValueExpression="() => Item.Name">
</InputText>

private void ItemNameChanged(string value)
{
    item.Name = value;
}

InputTextArea InputNumber InputDate

Input Select

Only support binding of type string.

<div class="form-group row">
    <label for="country" class="col-sm-3">Color: </label>
    <InputSelect id="color"
                 @bind-Value="CountryId"
                 class="form-control col-sm-8">
        @foreach (var color in Enum.GetValues(typeof(RgbColor)))
        {
            <option value="@color">@color</option>
        }
        <option value="@RgbColor.Red">@RgbColor.Red</option>
        <option value="@RgbColor.Green">@RgbColor.Green</option>
        <option value="@RgbColor.Blue">@RgbColor.Blue</option>
    </InputSelect>
</div>

Build your custom InputSelect to handle binding with int

Components/DropDown.cs

public sealed class DropDown<T> : InputSelect<T>
{
    protected override bool TryParseValueFromString(string value, out T result, out string validationErrorMessage)
    {
        if (typeof(T) == typeof(string))
        {
            result = (T)(object)value;
            validationErrorMessage = null;

            return true;
        }
        else if (typeof(T) == typeof(int))
        {
            int.TryParse(value, NumberStyles.Integer, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out var parsedValue);
            result = (T)(object)parsedValue;
            validationErrorMessage = null;

            return true;
        }
        else if (typeof(T).IsEnum)
        {
            try
            {
                result = (T)Enum.Parse(typeof(T), value);
                validationErrorMessage = null;

                return true;
            }
            catch (ArgumentException)
            {
                result = default;
                validationErrorMessage = $"The {FieldIdentifier.FieldName} field is not valid.";

                return false;
            }
        }

        throw new InvalidOperationException($"{GetType()} does not support the type '{typeof(T)}'.");
    }
}

_Imports.razor

@using MyNamespace.Components

Error InputSelect`1[System.Int32] does not support the type 'System.Int32'

To bind to an int, use select instead of InputSelect:

<div class="form-group row">
    <label for="group" class="col-sm-3">Color: </label>
    <select id="group"
            @bind="@User.Group.Id"
            class="form-control col-sm-8">
        @foreach (var availableGroup in AvailableGroups)
        {
            <option value="@availableGroup.Id">@availableGroup.Name</option>
        }
    </select>
</div>

Input CheckBox

InputCheckbox requires a cascading parameter of type EditContext.
For example, you can use InputCheckbox inside an EditForm.

<div class="form-group row">
    <label for="smoker"
           class=" offset-sm-3">
        <InputCheckbox id="smoker"
                       @bind-Value="Employee.Smoker">
        </InputCheckbox>
        &nbsp;Smoker
    </label>
</div>

<label>
    <input type="checkbox" @onchange="(e) => FilterAsync(e)" />
    &nbsp;Only items with ...
</label>

@code {
    private async Task FilterAsync(ChangeEventArgs e)
    {
        if ((bool)e.Value)
        {
            Items = await this.ItemClient.GetAsync();
        }
        else
        {
            Items = await this.ItemClient.GetAsync();
        }
    }
}

InputFile

dotnet add package BlazorInputFile

Pages/_Host.cshtml

    <script src="_content/BlazorInputFile/inputfile.js"></script>
</body>

_Imports.razor

@using BlazorInputFile

<InputFile OnChange="HandleSelectionAsync" />
<p>@OutputMessages</p>

@code {
    async Task HandleSelectionAsync(IFileListEntry[] files)
    {
        var file = files.FirstOrDefault();
        if (file != null)
        {
            OutputMessages += $"Loading {file.Name}";

            string jsonContent;
            using (var streamReader = new StreamReader(file.Data))
            {
                jsonContent = await streamReader.ReadToEndAsync();
            }

            var importedItems = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<IReadOnlyCollection<ItemDto>>(jsonContent);
            OutputMessages += $"<br>{importedItems.Count} items extracted";
        }
    }
}

InputFile on GitHub

Align multiple inputs

<EditForm Model="@myModel">
    <table>
        <tbody>
            <tr>
                <td><label for="login">Login: </label></td>
                <td>
                    <InputText id="login"
                            @bind-Value="myModel.Login"
                            class="form-control"
                            placeholder="Lgin">
                    </InputText>
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td><label for="password">Password: </label></td>
                <td>
                    <InputText id="password"
                            @bind-Value="myModel.Password"
                            class="form-control"
                            placeholder="Password">
                    </InputText>
                </td>
            </tr>
        </tbody>
    </table>

    <div class="mt-3">
        <button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" @onclick="Save">Save</button>
        <button class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm" @onclick="Cancel">Cancel</button>
    </div>

</EditForm>

Data binding

One way

Changes made in the UI doesn't change the binded property.
The onchange event can be used to manually update the property.

<input type="text" value="@Description"
       @onchange=@((ChangeEventArgs __e) => Description = __e.Value.ToString())
       @onchange=OnInputChanged />

@code {
    string Description { get; set; } = "Text";

    void OnInputChanged(ChangeEventArgs e) => Description = e.Value.ToString();
}

Two way

<input type="text" @bind="Name" />    @* by default uses the 'on change' event (focus lost) *@

<input type="text" @bind="Name"
                   @bind:event="oninput"          @* use the oninput event instead of the default onchange, the event is triggered on each input key event *@
                   @bind:after="DoActionAsync" /> @* trigger the DoActionAsync method when the UI text is modified *@

@code {
    string Name { get; set; } = "Text";

    async Task DoActionAsync() { }
}

Form validation

Data Annotation

Item.cs

[Required, StringLength(50, MinimumLength = 3, ErrorMessage = "Name must be between 3 and 50 characters")]
public string Name { get; set; }

Pages/ItemEdit.razor

<EditForm Model="@item">
    <DataAnnotationsValidator />
    <ValidationSummary />  @* affiche la liste des messages d'erreur de validation *@

    <InputText @bind-value="item.Name" 
               placeholder="Enter name" />
    <ValidationMessage class="offset-sm-3 col-sm-8" For="@(() => Item.Name)" />  @* affiche le message d'erreur de validation *@

FluentValidation

dotnet add package Blazored.FluentValidation

_Imports.razor

@using Blazored.FluentValidation

Pages/MyForm.razor

<EditForm Model="@model" OnValidSubmit="@SubmitValidForm">
    <FluentValidationValidator />

Manual validation

Clients/ItemClient.cs

public async Task<OperationResult<IReadOnlyCollection<ItemResponse>>> GetItemsAsync(
    ItemQuery query,
    CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
    ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(query);

    // client validation
    var validator = new ItemQueryValidator();
    var validationResult = validator.Validate(query);
    if (!validationResult.IsValid)
    {
        return new OperationResult<IReadOnlyCollection<TransactionResponse>>(validationResult.Errors);
    }

Clients/OperationResult.cs

public class OperationResult<T>
{
    public T? Result { get; set; }
    public IDictionary<string, string[]> ValidationErrors { get; } // error messages grouped by property name
    public IReadOnlyCollection<string> Errors => ValidationErrors.SelectMany(x => x.Value).ToList();
    public bool IsValid => ValidationErrors.Count == 0;

    public OperationResult(IDictionary<string, string[]> validationErrors)  // for server side validation error
    {
        ValidationErrors = validationErrors;
    }

    public OperationResult(IEnumerable<ValidationFailure> validationFailures)  // for client side validation errors
    {
        ValidationErrors = validationFailures
            .GroupBy(x => x.PropertyName, x => x.ErrorMessage)
            .ToDictionary(x => x.Key, x => x.ToArray());
    }

    public OperationResult(T result)  // for valid result
    {
        Result = result;
        ValidationErrors = new Dictionary<string, string[]>();
    }
}

Form exemples

Deactivate the form while submitting

MyPage.razor

<EditForm Model="@search"
          OnValidSubmit="@HandleValidSubmitAsync">
    <DataAnnotationsValidator />

    <fieldset disabled="@isSearching">
        <div class="row justify-content-center">
            <InputText @bind-Value="search.Text"
                        class="col-sm-6"
                        placeholder="Nom de table" />
            <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary col-auto">
                @if (!isSearching)
                {
                    <span class="oi oi-magnifying-glass" aria-hidden="true"></span>
                }
                else
                {
                    <span class="spinner-border spinner-border-sm" role="status" aria-hidden="true"></span>
                }
            </button>
        </div>

        <div class="row justify-content-center">
            <ValidationMessage class="text-danger col-sm-6" For="@(() => search.Text)" />
        </div>
    </fieldset>

</EditForm>

@if (isSearching)
{
    <h5 class="text-center mt-5 mb-2">Loading 
        <span class="spinner-border spinner-border-sm" role="status"></span>
    </h5>
}
else if (tables.Count > 0)
{
    <h5 class="text-center mt-5 mb-2">Résultat de la recherche</h5>
}
else if (validSearchHasBeenStarted)
{
    <h5 class="text-center mt-5 mb-2">Pas de résultat pour cette recherche</h5>
}

MyPage.razor.cs

private bool isSearching { get; set; } = false;
private bool validSearchHasBeenStarted { get; set; } = false;

private async Task HandleValidSubmitAsync()
{
    validSearchHasBeenStarted = true;
    isSearching = true;

    var data = await myClient.FetchDataAsync(search.Text);

    isSearching = false;
}

Components

Components/MyComponent.razor

Components/MyComponent.cs

[Parameter]
public EventCallback<bool> MyEventCallback { get; set; }

// invoke asynchronously callback
await MyEventCallback.InvokeAsync(true);

_Imports.razor

@* Make components available *@
@using BlazorServerApp.Components

Pages/MyPage.razor

<MyComponent @ref="MyComponent"
             MyEventCallback="@MyComponent_OnSomethingHappened"></MyComponent>

Pages/MyPageBase.cs

protected MyComponentBase MyComponent { get; set; }

public async void MyComponent_OnSomethingHappened()
{
    // refresh the DOM if elements have changed
    StateHasChanged();
}

Lifecycle methods

Method	Start / End	Show
SetParametersAsync	Start	false
OnInitializedAsync	Start	false
OnAfterRenderAsync	Start	false
OnAfterRenderAsync	End	false
OnInitializedAsync	End	true
OnParametersSetAsync	Start	true
OnParametersSetAsync	End	true
OnAfterRenderAsync	Start	true
OnAfterRenderAsync	End	true
SetParametersAsync	End	true

OnInitialized OnInitializedAsync
OnParametersSet OnParametersSetAsync
OnAfterRender OnAfterRenderAsync

EventCallback

ChildComponent.razor

<button @onclick="OnClickCallback">Click</button>

@code {
    [Parameter]
    public EventCallback<MouseEventArgs> OnClickCallback { get; set; }
}

Parent.razor

@* The ShowMessage is passed to the ChildComponent
   When the button will be pressed in the ChildComponent, the ShowMessage will be triggered in the parent *@
<ChildComponent OnClickCallback="@ShowMessage">
    Content of the child component is supplied by the parent component.
</ChildComponent>

@code {
    private void ShowMessage(MouseEventArgs e)
    { }
}

Navigation

[Inject]
private NavigationManager NavigationManager { get; set; } = default!;

NavigationManager.NavigateTo("url");

// to implement redirection, use the OnInitializedAsync method otherwise you will get an NavigationException 
protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
{
    NavigationManager.NavigateTo("/item", true, true);
    await base.OnInitializedAsync();
}

NavigationException with NavigationManager called from OnInitialized

Go to the previous page

There is no native way in Blazor to go back to the previous page, but there is still the JS way.

private IJSRuntime JSRuntime { get; set; } = default!;

await JSRuntime.InvokeVoidAsync("history.back")

Dependency injection

Program.cs

builder.Services.AddTransient<IMyService, MyService>();

Pages/MyPage.razor.cs

[Inject]
private IMyService myService { get; set; }

Lifetime	Description
Singleton	creates a single instance of the service. All components requiring a Singleton service receive the same instance of the service.
Transient	creates a new instance of the service on each component request.
Scoped	creates a new instance of the service on each HTTP request but not across SignalR connection/circuit messages. Which means only when: The user closes the browser's window, then opens a new window and navigates back to the app. The user closes a tab of the app in a browser window, then opens a new tab and navigates back to the app. The user selects the browser's reload/refresh button.

Localization / Langue / Culture

Program.cs

builder.Services.AddLocalization();

app.UseRequestLocalization("fr-FR");

Static files

Pages/_Host.cshtml

<head>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.css" />
    <link href="css/site.css" rel="stylesheet" />

wwwroot/css/site.css

/* custom css for the entire app, not a specific page */

/* import Iconic font */
@import url('open-iconic/font/css/open-iconic-bootstrap.min.css');

wwwroot/favicon.ico

Font-Awesome

wwwroot/css/font-awesome
- css/all.min.css
- webfonts/*
- LICENSE.txt

wwwroot/css/site.css

@import url('font-awesome/css/all.min.css');

Call a web API from ASP.NET Core Blazor

Program.cs

//builder.Services.AddServerSideBlazor();

var myWebapiUrl = builder.Configuration["MyWebapiUrl"];
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(myWebapiUrl))
{
    throw new Exception("MyWebapiUrl setting is null");
}
builder.Services.AddHttpClient<IMyClient, MyClient>(
    client => client.BaseAddress = new Uri(myWebapiUrl)
);

ASP.NET 7 webapi client

Entity Framework Core

Program.cs

builder.Services.AddScoped(_ => new MyDbContext(builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("MyDbContext")));

appsettings.json

{
  "ConnectionStrings": {
    "MyDbContext": "Data Source=MyServer; Initial Catalog=MyDb; Integrated Security=True; MultipleActiveResultSets=True;"
  },

MyRepository.cs

private readonly MyDbContext context;

public MyRepository(MyDbContext context)
{
    this.context= context;
}

public Task<Data> FetchDataAsync()
    => context.Data.ToListAsync();

Using a DbContext factory

DbContext isn't thread safe and isn't designed for concurrent use.
To handle multi-threads scenarios, use a AddDbContextFactory to create a DbContext for each query.

Program.cs

builder.Services.AddDbContextFactory<MyDbContext>();

MyRepository.cs

private readonly IDbContextFactory<MyDbContext> contextFactory;

public MyRepository(IDbContextFactory<MyDbContext> contextFactory)
{
    this.contextFactory = contextFactory;
}

public async Task<Data> FetchDataAsync()
{
    // create a DbContext for this query, then dispose it once the query has been executed
    using var context = await contextFactory.CreateDbContextAsync();
}

State management

[Inject]
public ProtectedSessionStorage ProtectedSessionStore { get; set; }

protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
{
    if (firstRender)
    {
        await LoadStateAsync();
        StateHasChanged();
    }
}

private async Task LoadStateAsync()
{
    var fetchValueResult = await ProtectedSessionStore.GetAsync<string>("key");
    var value = fetchValueResult.Success ? fetchValueResult.Value : null;
}

await ProtectedSessionStore.SetAsync("key", value);

Javascript interop

Call JS from .NET

Pages/MyPage.razor.cs

[Inject]
public IJSRuntime JS { get; set; }

// one way to import mypage.js
await JS.InvokeVoidAsync("import", "./js/mypage.js");

// invoke JavaScript functions without reading a returned value
await JS.InvokeVoidAsync("MyJSMethod", "arg1");
// pass an array as argument
await JS.InvokeVoidAsync("MyJSMethod", (object)myArray);

// invoke JavaScript functions and read a returned value
var result = await JS.InvokeAsync<string>("AddExclamationPoint", "arg1");

wwwroot/js/mypage.js

window.MyJsMethod = function(arg1) {
    alert(arg1);
}

window.AddExclamationPoint = function(arg1) {
    return arg1 + ' !';
}

Another way to import mypage.js

Pages/_Layout.cshtml

<body>
    @* at the end of body *@
    <script src="js/mypage.js"></script>
</body>

Call .NET from JS

wwwroot/js/site.js

window.UpdateButtonContent = function (dotnetHelper, newContent) {
    dotnetHelper.invokeMethodAsync('UpdateButtonContent', newContent);
    dotnetHelper.dispose();
};

Pages/MyPageBase.cs

var objRef = DotNetObjectReference.Create(this);
await JSRuntime.InvokeVoidAsync("UpdateButtonContentJS", objRef, newContent);
objRef.Dispose();

[JSInvokable]
public void UpdateButtonContent(string newContent)
{
    ButtonContent = newContent;
}

Pages/_Host.cshtml

<body>
    @* à la fin de body *@
    <script src="js/myscript.js"></script>
</body>

External JS libraries

LibMan library manager

# install the LibMan CLI
dotnet tool install -g Microsoft.Web.LibraryManager.Cli

# create the libman.js file
libman init
# available providers: cdnjs (default), jsdelivr (choose this one), unpkg, filesystem

libman install bootswatch@5.0.1 --files dist/darkly/bootstrap.min.css

# uninstall bootstrap
libman uninstall bootstrap@5.0.1

Use LibMan with ASP.NET Core in Visual Studio

Bootstrap

# jsdelivr provider
# install only bootstrap.min.css and bootstrap.bundle.min.js (with popper)
libman install bootstrap@latest \
  --files dist/css/bootstrap.min.css \
  --files dist/css/bootstrap.min.css.map \
  --files dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js \
  --files dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js.map \
  --files LICENSE
# default destination path: wwwroot/lib/bootstrap

Pages/_Host.cshtml

<head>
    <!-- REPLACE <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.css" /> BY -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css" />
    <link href="css/site.css" rel="stylesheet" />

    <script src="lib/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
    <script src="_framework/blazor.server.js"></script>
</body>

Pages/Error.cshtml

<head>
    <!-- REPLACE <link href="~/css/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" /> BY -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/lib/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css" />

Bootstrap icons

# install the css and fonts only
libman install bootstrap-icons@latest \
  --files font/bootstrap-icons.min.css \
  --files font/fonts/bootstrap-icons.woff \
  --files font/fonts/bootstrap-icons.woff2
# default destination path: wwwroot/lib/bootstrap-icons

Pages/_Host.cshtml

<head>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/bootstrap-icons/font/bootstrap-icons.min.css" />
    <link href="css/site.css" rel="stylesheet" />

wwroot/css/site.css

/* remove this line */
@import url('open-iconic/font/css/open-iconic-bootstrap.min.css');

Shared/NavMenu.razor

<NavLink class="nav-link" href="" Match="NavLinkMatch.All">
    <i class="bi bi-house"></i> Home
</NavLink>

Shared/NavMenu.razor.css

/* replace .oi by .bi */
.bi {
    width: 2rem;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    vertical-align: text-top;
    top: -2px;
}

LightGallery

# download lightgallery
libman install lightgallery@2.3.0 \
--files lightgallery.min.js \
--files plugins/thumbnail/lg-thumbnail.min.js \
--files css/lightgallery.min.css \
--files css/lg-thumbnail.min.css \
--files fonts/lg.woff2 \
--files images/loading.gif

Pages/_Layout.cshtml

<head>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/lightgallery/css/lightgallery-bundle.min.css" />
    @* or *@
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/lightgallery/css/lightgallery.min.css" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/lightgallery/css/lg-thumbnail.min.css" />
</head>
<body>
    <script src="lib/lightgallery/lightgallery.min.js"></script>
    <script src="lib/lightgallery/plugins/thumbnail/lg-thumbnail.min.js"></script>
    <script src="js/site.js"></script>
</body>

Pages/LightGallery.razor

<button id="open-gallery">Open gallery</button>
<button @onclick=OpenGallery>Open gallery</button>

Pages/LightGallery.razor.cs

[Inject]
private IJSRuntime JS { get; set; }

protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
{
    if (firstRender)
    {
        await JS.InvokeVoidAsync("import", "./lib/lightgallery/lightgallery.min.js");
        await JS.InvokeVoidAsync("import", "./lib/lightgallery/plugins/thumbnail/lg-thumbnail.min.js");

        await JS.InvokeVoidAsync("import", "./js/lightgallery.js");
    }
}

private async Task OnProfileNameClicked(string profileName)
{
    await JS.InvokeVoidAsync("OpenGallery", (object)pictureUrls);
}

wwwroot/js/lightgallery.js

const $button = document.getElementById('open-gallery');

const dynamicGallery = lightGallery($button, {
    dynamic: true,
    dynamicEl: [
        {
            src: 'img/1.jpg',
            thumb: 'img/thumb1.jpg',
            subHtml: '<h4>Image 1 title</h4><p>Image 1 descriptions.</p>',
        },
        {
            src: 'img/2.jpg',
            thumb: 'img/thumb2.jpg',
            subHtml: '<h4>Image 2 title</h4><p>Image 2 descriptions.</p>',
        }
    ],
    mode: 'lg-fade',
    plugins: [lgThumbnail],
});

$button.addEventListener('click', function () {
    dynamicGallery.openGallery();
});

wwwroot/js/site.js

window.OpenGallery = function (picturePaths) {
    let elements = picturePaths.map(x => ({
        src: x,
        thumb: x
    }));

    let gallery = lightGallery(document.getElementsByTagName('main')[0], {
        dynamic: true,
        dynamicEl: elements,
        mode: 'lg-fade',
        plugins: [lgThumbnail],
    });

    gallery.openGallery();
}

Authentication and authorization

App.razor

@* replace RouteView by AuthorizeRouteView *@
<AuthorizeRouteView RouteData="@routeData" 
                    DefaultLayout="@typeof(MainLayout)" />

Shared/LoginDisplay.razor

<AuthorizeView>
    <Authorized>
        <p>@context.User.Identity.Name</p>
    </Authorized>
    <NotAuthorized>
        <a href="login">Log in</a>
    </NotAuthorized>
</AuthorizeView>

Startup.cs

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
    app.UseAuthentication();
    app.UseAuthorization();

    app.UseEndpoints(endpoints => {});
}

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddDefaultIdentity<IdentityUser>(options => options.SignIn.RequireConfirmedAccount = true)
            .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>();

    services.AddRazorPages();
    services.AddServerSideBlazor();
}

Scaffold Identity

dotnet tool install -g dotnet-aspnet-codegenerator

dotnet add package Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.CodeGeneration.Design --version 3.1.3
dotnet add package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design --version 3.1.3
dotnet add package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.EntityFrameworkCore --version 3.1.3
dotnet add package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.UI --version 3.1.3
dotnet add package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer --version 3.1.3
dotnet add package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools --version 3.1.3

# help
dotnet aspnet-codegenerator identity -h

# list the files that can be scaffolded
dotnet aspnet-codegenerator identity -lf

# scaffold
dotnet aspnet-codegenerator identity -dc MyApplication.Data.ApplicationDbContext --files "Account.Login"
# create the page Area/Identity/Pages/Account/Login.cshtml

Adding a custom login page to Blazor Server

Authenticate with web api

Cookies x

Use cookie authentication without ASP.NET Core Identity

Infinite scrolling

BlazorIntersectionObserver

dotnet add package BlazorIntersectionObserver

Program.cs

builder.Services.AddIntersectionObserver();

ItemGallery.razor

<div class="d-flex flex-wrap">
    @foreach (var item in Items)
    {
        <div class="card mx-5 my-2">
            <img src=@item.Cover class="card-img-top">
        </div>
    }
</div>
<IntersectionObserve OnChange="@OnIntersectingChanged">
    <div @ref="context.Ref.Current" class="@(allItemsLoaded || context.IsIntersecting ? "d-none": "")">
        <div class="spinner-border d-block mx-auto" role="status">
            <span class="sr-only">Loading...</span>
        </div>
    </div>
</IntersectionObserve>

ItemGallery.razor.cs

private bool allProfilesLoaded;

private async Task OnIntersectingChanged(IntersectionObserverEntry entry)
{
    if (entry.IsIntersecting)
    {
        CurrentItemQuery.PageIndex++;
        var fetchedItems = await this.ProfileClient.GetAsync(CurrentItemQuery);
        if (fetchedItems.Count == 0)
            allProfilesLoaded = true;
        else
            Items.AddEach(fetchedItems);
    }
}

Handle exceptions

Shared/MainLayout.razor

<ErrorBoundary @ref="errorBoundary">
    <ChildContent>
        @Body
    </ChildContent>
    <ErrorContent Context="e">
        @{ OnError(@e); }
        <MudAlert Severity="Severity.Error">An exception occured: @e.Message</MudAlert>
    </ErrorContent>
</ErrorBoundary>

@code {
    [Inject]
    private ILogger<MainLayout> Logger { get; set; } = null!;

    private ErrorBoundary? errorBoundary;

    private void OnError(Exception e)
    {
        Logger.LogCritical(e, e.Message);
    }

    // reset the ErrorBoundary to a non-error state on subsequent page navigation events by calling the error boundary's Recover method.
    protected override void OnParametersSet()
    {
        errorBoundary?.Recover();
    }
}

Turn on detailed errors

	Display detailed error in the client. Never do that in Production, rely better on server log.

Program.cs

builder.Services.AddServerSideBlazor()
                .AddCircuitOptions(o =>
    {
        o.DetailedErrors = true;
        o.DetailedErrors = builder.Environment.IsDevelopment();  // only add details when debugging
    });

Create a new project

mkdir MySolution
cd MySolution
dotnet new sln --name MySolution

dotnet new blazorserver -o MyBlazorProject --no-https
dotnet sln add ./MyBlazorProject/MyBlazorProject.csproj

Solution Blazor / Webapi

# create item/item.sln
dotnet new sln -o item
cd item

dotnet new blazorserver --no-https -o item.blazor
dotnet new webapi --no-https -o item.webapi

dotnet sln add item.blazor/item.blazor.csproj
dotnet sln add item.webapi/item.webapi.csproj

item/.vscode/tasks.json

{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "build blazor",
            "command": "dotnet",
            "type": "process",
            "args": [
                "build",
                "${workspaceFolder}/item.blazor/item.blazor.csproj",
                "/property:GenerateFullPaths=true",
                "/consoleloggerparameters:NoSummary"
            ],
            "problemMatcher": "$msCompile"
        },
        {
            "label": "build webapi",
            "command": "dotnet",
            "type": "process",
            "args": [
                "build",
                "${workspaceFolder}/item.webapi/item.webapi.csproj",
                "/property:GenerateFullPaths=true",
                "/consoleloggerparameters:NoSummary"
            ],
            "problemMatcher": "$msCompile"
        },
        {
            "label": "build all",
            "dependsOn": [
                "build blazor",
                "build webapi"
            ],
            "group": "build",
            "problemMatcher": []
        }
    ]
}

item/.vscode/launch.json

{
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "blazor",
            "type": "coreclr",
            "request": "launch",
            "preLaunchTask": "build blazor",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/item.blazor/bin/Debug/netcoreapp3.1/item.blazor.dll",
            "args": [],
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/item.blazor",
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "serverReadyAction": {
                "action": "openExternally",
                "pattern": "\\bNow listening on:\\s+(https?://\\S+)"
            },
            "env": {
                "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development"
            },
            "sourceFileMap": {
                "/Views": "${workspaceFolder}/Views"
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "webapi",
            "type": "coreclr",
            "request": "launch",
            "preLaunchTask": "build webapi",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/item.webapi/bin/Debug/netcoreapp3.1/item.webapi.dll",
            "args": [],
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/item.webapi",
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "serverReadyAction": {
                "action": "openExternally",
                "pattern": "\\bNow listening on:\\s+(https?://\\S+)"
            },
            "env": {
                "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development"
            },
            "sourceFileMap": {
                "/Views": "${workspaceFolder}/Views"
            }
        }
    ],
    "compounds": [
        {
            "name": "blazor / webapi",
            "configurations": [
                "blazor",
                "webapi"
            ],
            "preLaunchTask": "build all"
        }
    ]
}

@@ Ligne 3 : / Ligne 3 : @@
 * [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/blazor/?WT.mc_id=dotnet-35129-website&view=aspnetcore-9.0 Microsoft doc]
 * [https://github.com/dotnet-architecture/eShopOnBlazor Project example: eShopOnBlazor]
+* [[MudBlazor]] components library
+* [https://github.com/Blazored/LocalStorage LocalStorage]
-== Components libraries ==
+= New Capabilities in .NET 9 =
-* [[MudBlazor]]
+* mix and match rendering modes on a per page basis (static server-side rendering (SSR) and interactive modes)
+* for Blazor Server, WebSocket compression is enabled by default, meaning your data will zip back and forth faster than ever
-== Useful librairies ==
+* for Blazor Server, the reconnection experience is way better: no more annoying waits when you navigate back to a disconnected app
-* [https://github.com/Blazored/LocalStorage LocalStorage]
+* inject dependencies directly into the components' constructors
 = Description =
@@ Ligne 371 : / Ligne 373 : @@
 </filebox>
-<kode lang='blazor'>
+<kode lang='razor'>
 <InputFile OnChange="HandleSelectionAsync" />
 <p>@OutputMessages</p>