Asp.net core 7

Links

• What's new in ASP.NET Core 7.0
• .NET Core Release Notes
• Safe storage of app secrets
• Doc Microsoft
• Catégorie .NET Core

dotnet CLI

# help dotnet -h # get versions of .NET SDK, Host, .NET runtimes installed dotnet --info # list available templates (webapi, blazor) dotnet new # create a new Web API project dotnet new webapi -o [project-name] --no-https # create a solution file and folder dotnet new sln --name MySolution # add a project to the solution dotnet sln add ./MyProject/MyProject.csproj # add a reference to another project dotnet add reference ../otherproject/otherproject.csproj # restore and build dotnet build # restore, build and run dotnet run # force url and port (default: http://127.0.0.1:5000) ASPNETCORE_URLS="http://127.0.0.1:5123" dotnet run # linux dotnet run --ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT Development # powershell $env:ASPNETCORE_URLS="http://127.0.0.1:5123" ; dotnet run # powershell

Nuget packages

# ajouter un package NuGet dotnet add package <package_name> dotnet add package <package_name> --version 2.0.0 # lists the NuGet packages dotnet list package # lists packages that have newer versions available dotnet list package --outdated # supprimer un package dotnet remove package <package_name>

Directory.Build.targets

Allows you to manage the versions of Nuget packages in a single centralized file.

Directory.Build.targets

<!-- Directory.Build.targets file has to be at the solution root --> <Project> <ItemGroup> <PackageReference Update="AutoMapper" Version="10.1.1" />

MyProject/MyProject.csproj

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web"> <ItemGroup> <!-- remove the version --> <PackageReference Include="AutoMapper" />

Configuration

Sources des settings par défaut dans l'ordre de lecture:

1. appsettings.json
2. appsettings.<EnvironmentName>.json
3. UserSecrets in Development environment
4. Environment variables
5. Command-line arguments

Les settings de la source suivante écrasent ceux déjà chargés.

Startup.cs

using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; // Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions.dll public IConfiguration Configuration { get; } public Startup(IConfiguration configuration) { Configuration = configuration; } // recherche Key, si Key n'a pas été trouvé affecte default value à la variable value var value = Configuration.GetValue<string>("Key", "default value"); var value = Configuration["Key"]; // pour les connection strings Configuration.GetConnectionString("SqlServer1") // dotnet add package System.Data.SqlClient var builder = new SqlConnectionStringBuilder(Configuration.GetConnectionString("SqlServer4")); // from appsettings.json builder.Password = Configuration["DbPassword"]; // from secrets storage in Dev and appsettings.json in Prod var connectionString = builder.ConnectionString;

appsettings.json

appsettings.json

{ "Key": "Value", "ConnectionStrings": { "SqlServer1": "Server=(localdb)\\MSSQLLocalDB;Database=MyDb;Integrated Security=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=True", "SqlServer2": "Server=(localdb)\\mssqllocaldb;Database=MyDb;Trusted_Connection=True;", "SqlServer3": "Server=localhost;Database=MyDb;User=sa;Password=pwd;", "SqlServer4": "server=localhost;database=MyDb;user=sa;", "MySql": "Server=localhost;Database=MyDb;User=root;Password=pwd;", "Sqlite": "Data Source=MyDb.db" }, "DbPassword": "****" }

File Configuration Provider

Useful for using a file other than appsettings.config or for Console projects.

Program.cs

public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) => Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args) .ConfigureHostConfiguration(configHost => { configHost.SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()); configHost.AddJsonFile("passwords.json", optional: true); }) .UseStartup<Startup>(); } public static IWebHostBuilder CreateWebHostBuilder(string[] args) => WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args) .ConfigureAppConfiguration((hostingContext, config) => { config.AddJsonFile("passwords.json", optional: false, reloadOnChange: false); config.AddXmlFile("appsettings.xml", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true); }) .UseStartup<Startup>(); }

Safe storage of app secrets in development in ASP.NET Core

• User Secrets – What Are They And Why Do I Need Them?

Useful in dev environment to not store password in source code.

# aller dans le dossier contenant le *.csproj cd MyProject # adds a UserSecretsId element within a PropertyGroup of the .csproj file dotnet user-secrets init # set a secret # put a space as first character so the command line is not saved in the history dotnet user-secrets set "key" "secret" # the whole connection string dotnet user-secrets set "ConnectionStrings:SqlServer" "server=localhost;database=test;user=test;password=****" # only the connection string password dotnet user-secrets set "DbPassword" "****" # the secrets are stored in a JSON configuration file in a system-protected user profile folder on the local machine # Windows: %APPDATA%\microsoft\UserSecrets\<userSecretsId>\secrets.json # Linux: ~/.microsoft/usersecrets/<userSecretsId>/secrets.json # list all secrets of the current project dotnet user-secrets list # remove a secret in the current project dotnet user-secrets remove "key" # remove all secrets of the current project dotnet user-secrets clear

WebApi/Program.cs

// The user secrets configuration source is automatically added in development mode // when the project calls CreateDefaultBuilder to initialize a new instance of the host with preconfigured defaults. // CreateDefaultBuilder calls AddUserSecrets when the EnvironmentName is Development public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) => Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args) .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder => { webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>(); });

Console/Program.cs

public static IConfigurationRoot Configuration { get; set; } private static void Main() { var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder(); // dotnet add package Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.UserSecrets builder.AddUserSecrets<Program>(); Configuration = builder.Build();

Command-line

dotnet MyApp MyKey="value"

Environnement

L’environnement utilisé est contenu dans la variable environnement ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT 3 valeurs sont supportées par le framework:

• Development
• Staging
• Production (valeur par défaut)

# lancer le service avec l'environnement Development ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT=Development dotnet run dotnet run --ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT Development

Configuration pour la ligne de commande:

Properties/launchSettings.json

{ "profiles": { "my_project": { "commandName": "Project", "launchBrowser": true, "launchUrl": "api/values", "applicationUrl": "https://localhost:5001;http://localhost:5000", "environmentVariables": { "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development" } } } }

Configuration pour vs code:

.vscode/launch.json

"configurations": [ { "name": ".NET Core Launch (web)", "env": { "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development" } } ]

Configuration pour vs:
VS → Projet Properties → Debug → Environment variables → ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT = Development

Deployment Scripts

MyProject.csproj

<Target Name="MyPublishScripts" AfterTargets="BeforePublish"> <Exec Command="npm install" /> <Exec Command="gulp minify" /> <Exec Command="ng build" /> </Target>

Publish

Applications can be published in two different modes: self-contained or runtime-dependent.

• self-contained includes the .NET Core runtime and libraries, and your application and its dependencies. Users of the application can run it on a machine that doesn't have the .NET Core runtime installed.
• runtime-dependent includes only your application itself and its dependencies. Users of the application have to separately install the .NET Core runtime.

# publier dans le dossier bin\Debug\netcoreapp2.0\publish dotnet publish -c Release -r linux-arm --self-contained false # -c : configuration : Debug (default), Release # -r <RUNTIME_IDENTIFIER> : publishes the application for a given runtime # --self-contained [true|false] : publishes the .NET Core runtime with the application (default true if a runtime identifier is specified and the project is an executable project) # -o /path/folder : output directory (default: bin/[configuration]/[framework]/publish or bin/[configuration]/[framework]/[runtime]/publish ) # rendre l'exécutable exécutable pour tous chmod +x bin/Release/netcoreapp2.1/ubuntu.16.04-x64/publish/myproject

• dotnet publish

MyProject.csproj

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web"> <PropertyGroup> <RuntimeIdentifier>win10-x64</RuntimeIdentifier> <RuntimeIdentifier>win10-x64,ubuntu-x64,linux-x64</RuntimeIdentifier> </PropertyGroup>

Par défaut la publication se fait en mode runtime-dependent: le dossier contient seulement les dll du projet. En spécifiant le runtime la publication se fait en mode self-contained: le dossier contient toutes les dll nécessaire ainsi qu'un exécutable adapté au runtime.

RID Catalog (list): ubuntu-18.04-arm64, arch-x64, win10-x64

Define the port on deployed application

By defaut the following urls are used: http://localhost:5000 https://localhost:5001

appsettings.json

{ "Kestrel": { "EndPoints": { "Http": { "Url": "http://localhost:6000"

It can also be configured in the service file.

Linux

• Configurer Nginx pour .Net Core
• Configurer Apache pour .Net Core

Service file

/etc/systemd/system/kestrel-myproject.service

[Unit] Description=My Project description [Service] WorkingDirectory=/srv/myproject ExecStart=/srv/myproject/myproject ExecStart=/usr/bin/dotnet /srv/myproject/myproject.dll Restart=always RestartSec=10 # Restart service after 10 seconds if dotnet service crashes KillSignal=SIGINT SyslogIdentifier=myproject User=http Environment=ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT=Production Environment=DOTNET_PRINT_TELEMETRY_MESSAGE=false Environment=ASPNETCORE_URLS=http://localhost:5001 Environment=ConnectionStrings__MyConnectionString=server\x3dlocalhost\x3bdatabase\x3dMyDb\x3buser\x3dMyUser\x3bpassword\x3dMyPwd [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target

# escape value as connection string systemd-escape "<value-to-escape>"

Version

MyProject.csproj

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk"> <PropertyGroup> <TargetFramework>netcoreapp3.1</TargetFramework> <AssemblyVersion>1.1.1.1</AssemblyVersion> <FileVersion>2.2.2.2</FileVersion> <Version>3.3.3.3-xyz</Version> </PropertyGroup> </Project>

typeof(Startup).Assembly.GetName().Version; // 1.1.1.1 Assembly.GetEntryAssembly().GetName().Version; // 1.1.1.1 Assembly.GetEntryAssembly().GetCustomAttribute<AssemblyFileVersionAttribute>().Version; // 2.2.2.2 Assembly.GetEntryAssembly().GetCustomAttribute<AssemblyInformationalVersionAttribute>().InformationalVersion; // 3.3.3.3-xyz

Nuget

# Display locals for all folders dotnet nuget locals all --list # http-cache: /home/[user]/.local/share/NuGet/http-cache # global-packages: /home/[user]/.nuget/packages/ # temp: /tmp/NuGetScratch # plugins-cache: /home/[user]/.local/share/NuGet/plugin-cache # Clear all caches dotnet nuget locals all --clear # Clear the global packages folder dotnet nuget locals global-packages --clear

Git

.gitignore

# Build results bin/ obj/ # .NET Core Properties/launchSettings.json # Log files *.log

Log

The Log methods are synchronous. There is no file log provider.

By default, an app is logging into Console, Debug, EventSource, EventLog (only when running on Windows).

Program.cs

public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) => Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args) .ConfigureLogging(logging => { logging.ClearProviders(); // remove all the providers: no more logs }) .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder => { webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>(); });

public class MyClass { private readonly ILogger logger; public MyClass(ILogger<MyClass> logger) { this.logger = logger; } public void MyMethod() { logger.LogDebug("Debug"); logger.LogTrace("Trace"); logger.LogInformation("Info"); logger.LogWarning("Warn"); logger.LogError("Error"); logger.LogCritical("Fatal"); } }

config.json

{ "Logging": { "LogLevel": { "Default": "Information", // log level par défaut "Microsoft": "Warning", // pour les loggers commençant par Microsoft "MyClass": "Debug" // pour les loggers commençant par MyClass } }

Built-in logging providers

Console	VS code "DEBUG CONSOLE" tab In the console window when the app is run with dotnet run
Debug	Debug window when debugging in Visual Studio On Linux journal or /var/log/message or /var/log/syslog
EventSource	Event Tracing for Windows (ETW)
EventLog	Windows Event Log
TraceSource	System.Diagnostics.TraceSource libraries and providers ()
Azure App Service	text files in an Azure App Service app's file system and to blob storage in an Azure Storage account

journal

mar 19 17:53:10 hostname logtest[29321]: fail: LogTest.Controllers.ItemController[0]
mar 19 17:53:10 hostname logtest[29321]:       Log message

mar 19 17:58:27 hostname logtest[29321]: fail: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel[13]
mar 19 17:58:27 hostname logtest[29321]:       Connection id "...", Request id "...": An unhandled exception was thrown by the application.
mar 19 17:58:27 hostname logtest[29321]: System.Exception: exception message
mar 19 17:58:27 hostname logtest[29321]:    at LogTest.Controllers.ItemController.ThrowException() in /dev-path/LogTest/Controllers/ItemController.cs:line 41

apache log

• access.log is well filled by each query
• error.log is never filled

Unit tests

# create the unit tests project for MyService dotnet new xunit -o MyService.Tests # add a reference to the project to test cd MyService.Tests dotnet add reference ../MyService/MyService.csproj cd .. # create a solution if you don't have one yet dotnet new sln --name MySolution # add the unit tests project to the solution dotnet sln add ./MyService.Tests/MyService.Tests.csproj # run the unit tests dotnet test

Code analysis

Code quality analysis

Those rules are enabled by default.
Here is how to enabled additional rules:

MyProject.csproj

<PropertyGroup> <AnalysisLevel>latest-All</AnalysisLevel> </PropertyGroup>

Code style analysis

# verify that all code is correctly formatted dotnet format --verify-no-changes # format all code dotnet format

• An example of .editorconfig file with the default options

.editorconfig

############################### # Core EditorConfig Options # ############################### root = true # All files [*] charset = utf-8 insert_final_newline = false ############################### # .NET Coding Conventions # ############################### [*.{cs,vb}] # set the rules severity to warning dotnet_analyzer_diagnostic.severity = warning ############################### # Naming Conventions # ############################### # Style Definitions dotnet_naming_style.upper_case_style.capitalization = all_upper dotnet_naming_style.camel_case_style.capitalization = camel_case # Use UpperCase for constant fields dotnet_naming_symbols.constant_fields.applicable_kinds = field dotnet_naming_symbols.constant_fields.required_modifiers = const dotnet_naming_rule.constant_fields_should_be_upper_case.symbols = constant_fields dotnet_naming_rule.constant_fields_should_be_upper_case.style = upper_case_style dotnet_naming_rule.constant_fields_should_be_upper_case.severity = warning # Use camelCase for variables dotnet_naming_symbols.local_symbol.applicable_kinds = local dotnet_naming_rule.variables_should_be_camel_case.symbols = local_symbol dotnet_naming_rule.variables_should_be_camel_case.style = camel_case_style dotnet_naming_rule.variables_should_be_camel_case.severity = warning # Use camelCase for parameters dotnet_naming_symbols.parameter_symbol.applicable_kinds = parameter dotnet_naming_rule.parameters_should_be_camel_case.symbols = parameter_symbol dotnet_naming_rule.parameters_should_be_camel_case.style = camel_case_style dotnet_naming_rule.parameters_should_be_camel_case.severity = warning ############################### # C# Coding Conventions # ############################### [*.cs] csharp_style_namespace_declarations = file_scoped # var preferences csharp_style_var_for_built_in_types = true csharp_style_var_when_type_is_apparent = true csharp_style_var_elsewhere = true # Expression-bodied members dotnet_diagnostic.IDE0022.severity = none # allow expression body for methods

ARM

• .NET Core on Raspberry Pi
• Archlinux ARMv7

# créé un dossier /bin/Debug/netcoreapp2.0/linux-arm/publish/ contenant l’exécutable et ses dépendances pour ARM dotnet publish -r linux-arm # copier le dossier linux-arm sur le serveur ARM cd linux-arm/publish ./MyApp # [1] 8952 segmentation fault (core dumped) ./MyApp # systemd-coredump[8962]: Failed to parse PID "0": Numerical result out of range # Unhandled Exception: [1] 9060 segmentation fault (core dumped) ./MyApp # systemd-coredump[9083]: Failed to parse PID "0": Numerical result out of range

Description

Réécriture de ASP.NET:

• moderne, plus besoin de conserver la compatibilité
• léger, l'application ne charge que ce dont elle a besoin (packages MVC, Logging, Identity)
• performant
• cross platform et open source
• MVC et Web API, plus de WebForm

Installation

Archlinux

pacman -S aspnet-runtime dotnet-sdk # installe dotnet-host dotnet-runtime aspnet-runtime dotnet-sdk

Ajouter ~/.dotnet/tools à PATH pour que les dotnet tools fonctionnent depuis le shell.

Les assembly sont installées dans /usr/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.NETCore.App/x.y.z

/etc/environment

# disable .net core telemetry DOTNET_CLI_TELEMETRY_OPTOUT=1

Windows

• Visual Studio Installer → Workloads → ASP.NET and web development

# version de .net core installée dotnet --version