Links

Manual upgrade

Updates between multiple major versions and downgrades are unsupported.

Backup the database, the data directory and the config.php file.

# stop the web service
# nginx
sudo rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/nextcloud.conf
sc-reload nginx

# disable cron task
sudo crontab -u www-data -e

# backup
#sudo tar czf --totals=USR1 /tmp/nextcloud.tar.gz nextcloud
sudo mariadb-dump -x -e -B nextcloud -r /var/mariadb/dump/nextcloud.sql

# download the latest Nextcloud Server release
wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-27.0.2.tar.bz2

# unpack it
tar xjf nextcloud-*.tar.bz2

# backup nexcloud folder and move the new one
sudo mv /var/www/nextcloud /var/www/nextcloud.bak
sudo mv ~/download/nextcloud /var/www

# copy the config
sudo cp /var/www/nextcloud.bak/config/config.php /var/www/nextcloud/config

# copy the data folder
sudo cp -r /var/www/nextcloud.bak/data /var/www/nextcloud

# copy the missing apps (calendar, deck, mail)
sudo cp -r /var/www/nextcloud.bak/apps/[app-name] /var/www/nextcloud/apps

# adjust file ownership to finalize the upgrade
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/nextcloud

# restart the web service
# nginx
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/nextcloud.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/nextcloud.conf
sc-reload nginx

# upgrade with the www-data user
cd /var/www/nextcloud
sudo -u www-data php occ upgrade

# set maintenance mode off
sudo -u www-data php occ maintenance:mode --off

# adjust file ownership and permissions
sudo chown -R root:root .
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data apps/ config/ data/
sudo chmod 750 config/ data/

# restart php-fpm
sc-restart php8.2-fpm.service

# enable cron task
sudo crontab -u www-data -e

Version may not be immediately updated on https://nextcloud.domain.net/status.php and

login with an admin account
click on user logo on top right ̣→ Administration Settings

Nextcloud Security Scan

Configuration

NGINX

/etc/nginx/sites-available/nextcloud.conf

upstream php-handler {
    server unix:/var/run/php/php-fpm-nextcloud.sock;
}

# Set the `immutable` cache control options only for assets with a cache busting `v` argument
map $arg_v $asset_immutable {
    "" "";
    default "immutable";
}

server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    server_name cloud.example.com;

    # Prevent nginx HTTP Server Detection
    server_tokens off;

    # Enforce HTTPS
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}

server {
    listen 443      ssl http2;
    listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
    server_name cloud.example.com;

    # Path to the root of your installation
    root /var/www/nextcloud;

    # Use Mozilla's guidelines for SSL/TLS settings
    # https://mozilla.github.io/server-side-tls/ssl-config-generator/
    ssl_certificate     /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.key;

    # Prevent nginx HTTP Server Detection
    server_tokens off;

    # HSTS settings
    # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
    # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
    # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
    # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
    # could take several months.
    #add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload" always;

    # set max upload size and increase upload timeout:
    client_max_body_size 512M;
    client_body_timeout 300s;
    fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;

    # Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_comp_level 4;
    gzip_min_length 256;
    gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
    gzip_types application/atom+xml text/javascript application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/wasm application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;

    # Pagespeed is not supported by Nextcloud, so if your server is built
    # with the `ngx_pagespeed` module, uncomment this line to disable it.
    #pagespeed off;

    # The settings allows you to optimize the HTTP2 bandwitdth.
    # See https://blog.cloudflare.com/delivering-http-2-upload-speed-improvements/
    # for tunning hints
    client_body_buffer_size 512k;

    # HTTP response headers borrowed from Nextcloud `.htaccess`
    add_header Referrer-Policy                   "no-referrer"       always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options            "nosniff"           always;
    add_header X-Download-Options                "noopen"            always;
    add_header X-Frame-Options                   "SAMEORIGIN"        always;
    add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none"              always;
    add_header X-Robots-Tag                      "noindex, nofollow" always;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection                  "1; mode=block"     always;

    # Remove X-Powered-By, which is an information leak
    fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;

    # Add .mjs as a file extension for javascript
    # Either include it in the default mime.types list
    # or include you can include that list explicitly and add the file extension
    # only for Nextcloud like below:
    include mime.types;
    types {
        text/javascript js mjs;
    }

    # Specify how to handle directories -- specifying `/index.php$request_uri`
    # here as the fallback means that Nginx always exhibits the desired behaviour
    # when a client requests a path that corresponds to a directory that exists
    # on the server. In particular, if that directory contains an index.php file,
    # that file is correctly served; if it doesn't, then the request is passed to
    # the front-end controller. This consistent behaviour means that we don't need
    # to specify custom rules for certain paths (e.g. images and other assets,
    # `/updater`, `/ocm-provider`, `/ocs-provider`), and thus
    # `try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri`
    # always provides the desired behaviour.
    index index.php index.html /index.php$request_uri;

    # Rule borrowed from `.htaccess` to handle Microsoft DAV clients
    location = / {
        if ( $http_user_agent ~ ^DavClnt ) {
            return 302 /remote.php/webdav/$is_args$args;
        }
    }

    location = /robots.txt {
        allow all;
        log_not_found off;
        access_log off;
    }

    # Make a regex exception for `/.well-known` so that clients can still
    # access it despite the existence of the regex rule
    # `location ~ /(\.|autotest|...)` which would otherwise handle requests
    # for `/.well-known`.
    location ^~ /.well-known {
        # The rules in this block are an adaptation of the rules
        # in `.htaccess` that concern `/.well-known`.

        location = /.well-known/carddav { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }
        location = /.well-known/caldav  { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }

        location /.well-known/acme-challenge    { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }
        location /.well-known/pki-validation    { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }

        # Let Nextcloud's API for `/.well-known` URIs handle all other
        # requests by passing them to the front-end controller.
        return 301 /index.php$request_uri;
    }

    # Rules borrowed from `.htaccess` to hide certain paths from clients
    location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)(?:$|/)  { return 404; }
    location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console)                { return 404; }

    # Ensure this block, which passes PHP files to the PHP process, is above the blocks
    # which handle static assets (as seen below). If this block is not declared first,
    # then Nginx will encounter an infinite rewriting loop when it prepends `/index.php`
    # to the URI, resulting in a HTTP 500 error response.
    location ~ \.php(?:$|/) {
        # Required for legacy support
        rewrite ^/(?!index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|oc[ms]-provider\/.+|.+\/richdocumentscode\/proxy) /index.php$request_uri;

        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
        set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;

        try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;

        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
        fastcgi_param HTTPS on;

        fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;         # Avoid sending the security headers twice
        fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;     # Enable pretty urls
        fastcgi_pass php-handler;

        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        fastcgi_request_buffering off;

        fastcgi_max_temp_file_size 0;
    }

    # Serve static files
    location ~ \.(?:css|js|mjs|svg|gif|png|jpg|ico|wasm|tflite|map)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463, $asset_immutable";
        access_log off;     # Optional: Don't log access to assets

        location ~ \.wasm$ {
            default_type application/wasm;
        }
    }

    location ~ \.woff2?$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
        expires 7d;         # Cache-Control policy borrowed from `.htaccess`
        access_log off;     # Optional: Don't log access to assets
    }

    # Rule borrowed from `.htaccess`
    location /remote {
        return 301 /remote.php$request_uri;
    }

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri;
    }
}

Create a php-fpm pool

/etc/php/8.2/fpm/pool.d/nextcloud.conf

[nextcloud]

user = www-data
group = www-data

listen = /run/php/php8.2-fpm-nextcloud.sock
listen.owner = www-data
listen.group = www-data

pm = ondemand
pm.max_children = 3  ; # cores - 1
pm.process_idle_timeout = 60s

env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
env[PATH] = /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin
env[TMP] = /tmp
env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
env[TEMP] = /tmp

php_value[memory_limit] = 512M

php_value[opcache.validate_timestamps] = 0  ; disable the revalidation completely
php_value[opcache.jit] = 1255
php_value[opcache.jit_buffer_size] = 128M
php_value[opcache.interned_strings_buffer] = 64
php_value[opcache.memory_consumption] = 256

# get the PATH var
sudo -u www-data printenv PATH

# restart php8.2-fpm service to create the /run/php/php8.2-fpm-nextcloud.sock socket
sc-restart php8.2-fpm.service

php-fpm configuration notes

Apache

/etc/apache2/sites-available/nextcloud.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName nextcloud.domain.fr
    Redirect   / https://nextcloud.domain.fr/
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost _default_:443>
    ServerName nextcloud.domain.fr
    DocumentRoot /var/www/nextcloud
    
    SSLCertificateFile      /etc/letsencrypt/live/domain.fr/fullchain.pem
    SSLCertificateKeyFile   /etc/letsencrypt/live/domain.fr/privkey.pem
    Include                 /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-apache.conf
    
    <FilesMatch "\.php$">
        # use the nextcloud php-fpm pool
        SetHandler "proxy:unix:/run/php/php8.2-fpm-nextcloud.sock|fcgi://localhost"
        SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
    </FilesMatch>

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/nextcloud-error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/nextcloud-access.log combined
    
    <IfModule mod_headers.c>
        Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; preload"
    </IfModule>
    
    <Directory /var/www/nextcloud>
        Options FollowSymlinks
        AllowOverride all
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

Pretty URL

config/config.php

  'overwrite.cli.url' => 'https://nextcloud.domain.fr/',
  'htaccess.RewriteBase' => '/',

sudo -u www-data php /var/www/nextcloud/occ maintenance:update:htaccess

Server tuning

MariaDB

Increase the cache of Mariadb so it won't use swap partition when it receives a burst of requests. !!! OPTIONAL !!!

/etc/mysql/conf.d/mysql.cnf

[mysqld]
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
innodb_io_capacity = 4000

-- get value in GB
SELECT @@innodb_buffer_pool_size/1024/1024/1024;  -- default 128 MB

SELECT @@innodb_io_capacity;  -- default 200

Background jobs

# edit crontab for user www-data
sudo crontab -u www-data -e

# run cron.php every 5 minutes
*/5  *  *  *  * php -f /var/www/nextcloud/cron.php

With admin account, change the Settings → Administration → Basic settings → Background jobs = Cron

Settings

Resetting a lost admin password

# change the admin password
sudo -u www-data php /var/www/nextcloud/occ user:resetpassword admin

Email server

Setting	Value
Send mode	SMTP
Authentication method	None: to send emails on the domain only Plain: to send emails to other domains (cf Postfix smtpd_relay_restrictions)
Authentication required	use same credential as for roundcube
Server address	smtp.domain.fr:25

Apps

Installer des Apps:

se connecter en admin
cliquer sur l'icone du profile en haut à droite → Apps

Deck

Outils de gestion de taches similaire à Trello

Mail

Key	Value
IMAP host	hostname.domain.net
IMAP security	STARTTLS
IMAP port	143
SMTP host	hostname.domain.net
SMTP security	STARTTLS
SMTP port	25

Talk

Chat, video & audio calls

Calendar

Installation sur Ubuntu 18.04

wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/latest-27.tar.bz2
tar xf latest-*.tar.bz2
sudo mv -T nextcloud /var/www/nextcloud
sudo chown -R root:root /var/www/nextcloud

# vérifier que les modules php suivant sont bien installés
dpkg -l php-zip php-gd php-curl php-imagick

# folders rights
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data apps
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data config
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data data
sudo chmod 750 config

create database nextcloud;
grant all privileges on nextcloud.* to 'nextcloud'@'localhost' identified by 'password';
flush privileges;

Errors

Memcache \OC\Memcache\APCu not available for local cache

/etc/php/7.4/mods-available/apcu.ini

apc.enable_cli=1

The PHP memory limit is below the recommended value of 512MB

/etc/php/7.4/apache2/php.ini

memory_limit = 512M

MySQL is used as database but does not support 4-byte characters

A memcache is not required and you may safely ignore the warning if you prefer

config/config.php

  'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\APCu',

Server has no maintenance window start time configured

config/config.php

  'maintenance_window_start' => 1,
  // 1: will only run the background jobs between 01:00am UTC and 05:00am UTC.
  // 100: (defaults) disables the feature

Nextcloud

Sommaire

Links

Manual upgrade

Configuration

NGINX

Create a php-fpm pool

Apache

Pretty URL

Server tuning

MariaDB

Background jobs

Settings

Resetting a lost admin password

Email server

Apps

Deck

Mail

Talk

Calendar

Installation sur Ubuntu 18.04

Errors

Memcache \OC\Memcache\APCu not available for local cache

The PHP memory limit is below the recommended value of 512MB

MySQL is used as database but does not support 4-byte characters

A memcache is not required and you may safely ignore the warning if you prefer

Server has no maintenance window start time configured

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